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Trogulidae

Family of harvestmen/daddy longlegs From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Trogulidae
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Trogulidae is a family of harvestmen comprising 65 extant species (plus 1 extinct) in five genera.

Quick Facts Scientific classification, Genera ...

Members of this species have short legs and live in soil. They have dirt attached to their bodies, to escape predators. Their body length ranges from 2 to 22 mm. In most genera, the body is somewhat flattened and leathery. Adults have a small hood which hides their short chelicerae and pedipalps.[1]

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Distribution

Members of this family occur in western and southern Europe, up to western North Africa and the Levant, the Caucasus and northern Iran. Trogulus tricarinatus, a predator of terrestrial snails, has been introduced to eastern North America.[1]

Name

The derivation of the name of the type genus, Trogulus, is not fully understood. The describer Latreille wrote that he named it because it looks like a monkshood. Perrier (1929) however derived the name from the Ancient Greek trogein "gnawing", because of the rough, "gnawed-upon" appearance.[1]

Species

Summarize
Perspective

The known genera and species in Trogulidae as of 2023 are:[2][3][4]

  • Anarthrotarsus Šilhavý, 1967
  • Anarthrotarsus martensi Šilhavý, 1967  Greece
  • Anarthrotarsus trichasi Kontos & Martens, 2022  Greece
  • Anelasmocephalus balearicus Martens & Chemini, 1988  Spain (Baleares)
  • Anelasmocephalus brignolii Martens & Chemini, 1988  Italy (Sardinia)
  • Anelasmocephalus calcaneatus Martens & Chemini, 1988  Italy (Sicily)
  • Anelasmocephalus cambridgei (Westwood, 1874)  UK to Balkans (Europe)
  • Anelasmocephalus cazorla Prieto & Las Heras, 2020  Spain
  • Anelasmocephalus crassipes (H. Lucas, 1846)  Algeria, Tunisia
  • Anelasmocephalus gadirrif Prieto & Las Heras, 2020  Spain, Morocco
  • Anelasmocephalus hadzii Martens, 1978  Austria, Italy, Serbia, etc Balkans
  • Anelasmocephalus lycosinus (Sørensen, 1873)  Italy
  • Anelasmocephalus ortunioi Prieto & Las Heras, 2020  Spain
  • Anelasmocephalus osellai Martens & Chemini, 1988  Italy
  • Anelasmocephalus pusillus Simon, 1879  Italy, France (Corsica)
  • Anelasmocephalus pyrenaicus Martens, 1978  Spain
  • Anelasmocephalus rufitarsis Simon, 1879  Italy, France, Switzerland
  • Anelasmocephalus tenuiglandis Martens & Chemini, 1988  France
  • Anelasmocephalus tuscus Martens & Chemini, 1988  Italy
  • Calathocratus Simon, 1879
  • Calathocratus africanus (H. Lucas, 1846)  Algeria, Tunisia, Italy
  • Calathocratus beieri Gruber, 1968  Turkey
  • Calathocratus caucasicus (Šilhavý, 1966)  Turkey, Azerbaijan, Russia, Georgia, Iran.
  • Calathocratus hirsutus Snegovaya, 2011  Russia
  • Calathocratus intermedius Roewer, 1940  Greece (Crete)
  • Calathocratus kyrghyzicus (Chemeris, 2013)  Kyrgyzstan
  • Calathocratus minutus Snegovaya, 2011  Russia
  • Calathocratus rhodiensis (Gruber, 1963)  Greece (Rhodes)
  • Calathocratus singularis (Roewer, 1940)  Greece, Bulgaria, Turkey
  • Calathocratus sinuosus (Sørensen, 1873)  Italy
  • Kofiniotis Roewer, 1940
  • Kofiniotis creticus Roewer, 1940  Greece (Crete)
  • Trogulus aquaticus Simon, 1879  France (Corsica)
  • Trogulus balearicus Schönhofer & Martens, 2008  Spain (Baleares)
  • Trogulus banaticus Avram, 1971  Romania, North Macedonia, Serbia, etc.
  • Trogulus cisalpinus Chemini & Martens, 1988  Italy
  • Trogulus closanicus Avram, 1971  Romania, Germany, Bulgaria etc
  • Trogulus coreiformis C. L. Koch, in Hahn & Koch, 1839  (Unknown locality) [Nomen dubium per Schönhofer 2013]
  • Trogulus coriziformis C. L. Koch, in Hahn & Koch, 1839   Italy (contra reports of widespread)
  • Trogulus cristatus Simon, 1879  France, Italy
  • Trogulus falcipenis Komposch, 1999  Austria, Italy, Croatia, Slovenia
  • Trogulus graecus Dahl, 1903  Greece, Albania, etc (Balkans)
  • Trogulus gypseus Simon, 1879  Israel, Egypt, Turkey, Greece.
  • Trogulus hirtus Dahl, 1903  Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia
  • Trogulus huberi Schönhofer & Martens, 2008  Portugal
  • Trogulus karamanorum Schönhofer & Martens, 2009  Macedonia, Albania etc (Balkans)
  • Trogulus lusitanicus Giltay, 1932   Portugal
  • Trogulus lygaeiformis C. L. Koch, in Hahn & Koch, 1839   Greece [Nomen dubium per Schönhofer 2013]
  • Trogulus martensi Chemini, 1983   Italy, France, etc
  • Trogulus megaligrava Schönhofer et al., 2013  Greece (Corfu)
  • Trogulus melitensis Schönhofer & Martens, 2009  Croatia
  • Trogulus nepaeformis (Scopoli, 1763)  Italy, France, etc (Southern Europe)
  • Trogulus oltenicus Avram, 1971  Romania
  • Trogulus ozimeci Schönhofer et al., 2013  Croatia
  • Trogulus pharensis Schönhofer & Martens, 2009  Croatia
  • Trogulus prietoi Schönhofer & Martens, 2008  Spain
  • Trogulus pulverulentus C. L. Koch, 1856  Spain [Nomen dubium per Schönhofer 2013]
  • Trogulus pyrenaicus Schönhofer & Martens, 2008  Spain
  • Trogulus rossicus Šilhavý, 1968  Russia, Azerbaijan, Georgia
  • Trogulus setosissmus Roewer, 1940  Croatia
  • Trogulus squamatus C. L. Koch, in Hahn & Koch, 1839  Montenegro, Croatia (Dalmatia)
  • Trogulus templetonii Westwood, 1833  Spain [Nomen dubium per Schönhofer 2013]
  • Trogulus tenuitarsus Schönhofer et al., 2013  Macedonia
  • Trogulus thaleri Schönhofer & Martens, 2009  Croatia
  • Trogulus tingiformis C. L. Koch, in Hahn & Koch, 1839  Germany, etc (Central Europe)
  • Trogulus torosus Simon, 1885  Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia (Dalmatia)
  • Trogulus tricarinatus (Linnaeus, 1758)  Germany, etc (Widespread Western, Central Europe)
  • Trogulus uncinatus Gruber, 1973  Turkey

See also extinct:

  • Trogulus longipes Haupt, 1956 (fossil: Eocene)

Plus see unknown:

  • Amphitrogulus Gourret, 1887
  • Amphitrogulus sternalis Gourret, 1887
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References

Further reading

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