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Trondheimsk
Norwegian dialect of Trondheim, Norway From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Trondheimsk (Urban East Norwegian: [ˈtrɔ̂nː(h)æɪmsk]), Trondheim dialect or Trondheim Norwegian is a dialect of Norwegian used in Trondheim. It is a variety of Trøndersk.
Phonology
Consonants
- /l/ is dental [l̪].[1]
- After short vowels, it is realized as an approximant, either palatal [ʎ] or palatalized dental [l̪ʲ].[2]
- When it occurs after a short vowel before a voiceless stop (particularly /t/),[1] it is realized as a voiceless dental lateral continuant, described variously as an approximant [l̪̊][1] and a fricative [ɬ̪].[2]
- /r/ tends to be realized as a voiced retroflex fricative [ʐ]. It is devoiced to [ʂ] before /p/ and /k/.[2]
Vowels
- /iː/ and /yː/ can be diphthongized to, respectively, [ie] and [ye].[3]
- /uː/ is diphthongized to [ue].[4]
- /eː, øː/ and /ɔː/ are diphthongized to, respectively, [eæ], [øæ] and [ɔ̝æ].[5]
- The schwa [ə] does not exist in the Trondheim dialect.[6]
- /æ, æː/ have the most open realization in all of Norway, i.e. open front [a, aː].[7]
- /ɑ, ɑː/ are fully back [ɑ, ɑː].[8]
- /ɑi/ has a back starting point [ɑi].[9]
Tonemes
Phonetic realization
The tonemes of the Trondheim dialect are the same as those of the Oslo dialect; accent 1 is low-rising, whereas accent 2 is falling-rising.[10]
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References
Bibliography
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