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Tupari languages
Tupian language branch of Brazil From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The Tuparí languages of Brazil form a branch of the Tupian language family.
Internal classification
The Tupari languages are:[1][2]
None are spoken by more than a few hundred people.
A more recent internal classification by Nikulin & Andrade (2020) is given below:[3]
Varieties
Below is a list of Tupari language varieties listed by Loukotka (1968), including names of unattested varieties.[4]
- Tupari
- Macuráp group
- Macuráp - spoken at the sources of the Colorado River (Rondônia).
- Kanuːa / Koaratíra / Canoê - spoken in the valley of Apidía and on the middle course of the Verde River, Rondônia.
- Amniapé - spoken at the sources of the Mequéns River.
- Guaratégaja / Mequen - spoken at the sources of the Verde River and Mequéns River in the same region.
- Kabishiana - spoken between the Corumbiara River and Verde River, Rondônia.
- Wayoró / Wyarú - spoken at the sources of the Terevinto River and Colorado River (Rondônia).
- Apichum - spoken in the same region but exact location unknown.
- Tupari / Wakaraü - once spoken on the upper course of the Branco River or São Simão River, the same territory; now probably extinct.
- Kepkeriwát group
- Kepkeriwát / Quepi-quiri-uate - spoken on the right bank of the Pimenta Bueno River.
- Macuráp group
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Proto-language
Summarize
Perspective
Proto-Tuparí reconstructions by Moore and Vilacy Galucio (1994):[5]
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Syntax
In all Tuparian languages, the main clauses follow the cross-linguistically rare nominative–absolutive pattern. Person prefixes on the verb are absolutive, i.e., they index the sole argument of an intransitive verb (S) and the patient argument ('direct object') of a transitive verb (P). Person pronouns, which follow the verb (either cliticizing to it or not) are nominative: they may encode the sole argument of an intransitive verb (S) or the agent argument of a transitive verb (A), but not the patient of a transitive verb (P). The example below is from Wayoró.[6]: 99
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References
External links
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