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Tupari languages

Tupian language branch of Brazil From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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The Tuparí languages of Brazil form a branch of the Tupian language family.

Quick Facts Tuparí, Geographic distribution ...

Internal classification

The Tupari languages are:[1][2]

None are spoken by more than a few hundred people.

A more recent internal classification by Nikulin & Andrade (2020) is given below:[3]

Varieties

Below is a list of Tupari language varieties listed by Loukotka (1968), including names of unattested varieties.[4]

  • Tupari
    • Macuráp group
      • Macuráp - spoken at the sources of the Colorado River (Rondônia).
      • Kanuːa / Koaratíra / Canoê - spoken in the valley of Apidía and on the middle course of the Verde River, Rondônia.
      • Amniapé - spoken at the sources of the Mequéns River.
      • Guaratégaja / Mequen - spoken at the sources of the Verde River and Mequéns River in the same region.
      • Kabishiana - spoken between the Corumbiara River and Verde River, Rondônia.
      • Wayoró / Wyarú - spoken at the sources of the Terevinto River and Colorado River (Rondônia).
      • Apichum - spoken in the same region but exact location unknown.
      • Tupari / Wakaraü - once spoken on the upper course of the Branco River or São Simão River, the same territory; now probably extinct.
    • Kepkeriwát group
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Proto-language

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Quick Facts Proto-Tupari, Reconstruction of ...

Proto-Tuparí reconstructions by Moore and Vilacy Galucio (1994):[5]

More information gloss, Proto-Tuparí ...
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Syntax

In all Tuparian languages, the main clauses follow the cross-linguistically rare nominative–absolutive pattern. Person prefixes on the verb are absolutive, i.e., they index the sole argument of an intransitive verb (S) and the patient argument ('direct object') of a transitive verb (P). Person pronouns, which follow the verb (either cliticizing to it or not) are nominative: they may encode the sole argument of an intransitive verb (S) or the agent argument of a transitive verb (A), but not the patient of a transitive verb (P). The example below is from Wayoró.[6]:99

V:verb

Eamõjãn

/e-amõc-a-t

2-dance-TH-NFUT

s-V

(en).

(ẽt)/

(2.NOM)

(S)

Eamõjãn (en).

/e-amõc-a-t (ẽt)/

2-dance-TH-NFUT (2.NOM)

s-V (S)

‘You danced.’

Etopkwap

/e-top-kʷ-a-p

2-see-PL-TH-p

p-V

FUT

 

on.

õt/

1.NOM

A

Etopkwap nã on.

/e-top-kʷ-a-p nã õt/

2-see-PL-TH-p FUT 1.NOM

p-V {} A

‘I’ll see you every day.’

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References

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