Turricephaly

Turricephaly is a type of cephalic disorder where the head appears tall with a small length and width.^[3][4] It is due to premature closure of the coronal suture plus any other suture, like the lambdoid,^[5] or it may be used to describe the premature fusion of all sutures.^[2] It should be differentiated from Crouzon syndrome. Oxycephaly (or acrocephaly) is a form of turricephaly where the head is cone-shaped, and is the most severe of the craniosynostoses.^[4]

Turricephaly
Other names	Oxycephaly,[1] Acrocephaly, Hypsicephaly,[1] Oxycephalia,[1] Steeple head,[1] Tower head,[1] Tower skull, High-head syndrome, Turmschädel[2]
Specialty	Dysmorphology
Symptoms	reduced head length and width for age

Presentation

Common associations

It may be associated with:^[6]

• 8th cranial nerve lesion
• Optic nerve compression
• Intellectual disability
• Syndactyly

Conditions with turricephaly

Conditions with turricephaly include:^[7][8]

• Achondrogenesis, type IA
• Acrocephalopolydactyly
• Acrocephalosyndactyly type V (Goodman syndrome)
• Acrocraniofacial dysostosis
• Alopecia - contractures - dwarfism - intellectual disability syndrome
• CEBALID syndrome
• Chromosome 1q21.1 deletion syndrome
• Chromosome 4q32.1-q32.2 triplication syndrome
• Chromosome 5p13 duplication syndrome
• Cole-Carpenter syndrome 2
• Craniorhiny
• Craniosynostosis (nonsyndromic) 6
• Craniosynostosis, Boston-type (nonsyndromic)
• Craniosynostosis and dental anomalies
• Fontaine progeroid syndrome
• Gomez Lopez Hernandez syndrome
• Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal dominant 65
• MEGF8-related Carpenter syndrome
• Mosaic trisomy 12^[9]
• Myopathy, epilepsy, and progressive cerebral atrophy
• Peroxisome biogenesis disorder 2A (Zellweger)
• Potocki-Shaffer syndrome
• Saethre-Chotzen syndrome
• Spondyloenchondrodysplasia with immune dysregulation
• Spondylometaphyseal dysplasia, Sedaghatian type
• Summitt syndrome
• Teebi-Shaltout syndrome
• Tolchin-Le Caignec syndrome
• TWIST1-related craniosynostosis
• Usmani-Riazuddin syndrome, autosomal dominant

• 
  Carpenter syndrome
• 
  Congenital syphilis
• 
  Hydrocephalus
• 
  Microcephaly
• 
  Pfeiffer syndrome
• 
  Saethre-Chotzen syndrome

Diagnosis

Treatment

See also

• Acrocephalosyndactylia