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Türk Telekom
Turkish telecommunications company From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Türk Telekomünikasyon A.Ş. (lit. 'Turkish Telecommunications A.Ş.') is a state-owned Turkish telecommunications company. Türk Telekom was separated from Turkish Post (PTT) in 1995.
Türk Telekom Group provides integrated telecommunication services for PSTN, GSM, and wideband Internet. The Türk Telekom Group companies had 16.8 million PSTN customers, 6 million ADSL customers and 12.1 million GSM customers in September 2009.[citation needed] With its network substructure covering the whole country, the group's companies offer a wide range of services to personal and corporate customers. Türk Telekom, which owns 99.9% of the shares of the companies TTNET, Argela, Innova, Sebit A.Ş. and AssisTT, is also the owner of 81% of the shares of Avea, which is one of the three GSM operators in Turkey. Türk Telekom also supports Albania's Albtelecom. 61.5% of the shares of Türk Telekom belong to Turkey Wealth Fund, while 30% of the shares belong to the Ministry of Treasury and Finance. The remaining 15% of shares have been offered to the public in Borsa Istanbul.
In July 2018, in the course of the Turkish currency and debt crisis, Turkish and international banks took control of Türk Telekom due to billions of dollars in unpaid debt. Creditors set up a special purpose vehicle to acquire the company as they tried to resolve Turkey's biggest-ever debt default.[7]
Between 2011 and 2021, the company was holding the naming rights to Ali Sami Yen Complex, home to the Galatasaray S.K.[8]
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History
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Turkey met with GSM technology in 1994, when the system was first put into service for subscribers in Ankara, Istanbul, and İzmir.[citation needed] On 24 April 1995, the telecommunication and postal services of PTT were separated, leading to the foundation of Türk Telekomünikasyon A.Ş.[citation needed]
In April 1998, the GSM network was licensed for 25 years to the firms Turkcell and Vodafone Turkey.[citation needed] In June 1999, ADSL service was introduced to provide high-speed voice and image communication.[citation needed] Cable Internet applications began in 2000 on the existing cable TV infrastructure.
In January 2001, Aycell Haberleşme ve Pazarlama Hizmetleri A.Ş. was founded, followed by the start of operations by Iş-TIM Telekomünikasyon Services Inc. under the commercial name Aria in March 2001.[citation needed]
In February 2004, TT&TIM Communication Services Inc. was established through the merger of Türk Telekom's GSM operator Aycell and İŞ-TİM. Its commercial name was changed to Avea İletişim Hizmetleri A.Ş. in October 2004. In July 2004, Türksat A.Ş. was formed as a separate entity.
On 14 November 2005, Türk Telekom’s privatization was completed, with 55% of its shares sold to Saudi Oger. On 15 September 2006, Türk Telekom acquired İŞ-TİM’s 40.56% stake in Avea for USD 500 million, increasing its ownership to 81.12%.
On 15 May 2008, an initial public offering of 15% of Türk Telekom shares was completed, and the shares began trading on the Istanbul Stock Exchange.[citation needed] In July 2009, Avea launched 3G services.[citation needed]
On 22 December 2018, Oger Telekom's creditors took control of Türk Telekom following billions of dollars in unpaid debt.[citation needed] In 2022, the Turkey Wealth Fund purchased 55% of the company, regaining the shares previously held by Oger Telekom.[9]
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Subsidiaries
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TTNET
TTNET is a Turkish Internet service provider. The 2013 annual report stated that TTNET had 6.3 million subscribers, 620,000 fiber subscribers, and 1.8 million TV subscribers.[10]
It provides ADSL, dial-up, Wi-Fi, G.SHDSL, ATM, Frame Relay, and Metro Ethernet Internet access services to corporate and personal customers in 81 cities in Turkey. TTNET became the first Turkish company to be accepted into the United Nations' "Business Call to Action (BCtA)" program, which seeks to encourage companies to "develop inclusive business models that offer the potential for both commercial success and development impact",[11] for its "Internet 4All initiative".[12]
Innova IT Solutions
Innova Bilişim Çözümleri A.Ş. provides services to the institutions in areas, such distribution, finance, and telecommunications. It includes the consultancy-design-application development-integration-maintenance value chain.[13]
AssisTT
AssisTT is a customer service and call center company that also provides sales and marketing data.[13] Türk Telekom holds a 100% interest in AssisTT, which was established in November 2007. As of the end of 2013, there were 115 million incoming calls (an 11% annual increase), which generated 360 million minutes of service time (a 13% annual increase).[14]
AssisTT is Turkey's largest call center and provides its services to other corporations and institutions in addition to its parent company Türk Telekom.[citation needed]
Argela
Argela Software and Information Technologies sells technologies and services for the telecom operators. 100% of the shares of the company, which had started its activities in 2004, belong to Turk Telekomunikasyon A.S..[citation needed]
AVEA
AVEA, the sole GSM-1800 mobile operator of Turkey, was founded in 2004. It has a nationwide customer base of more than 12.5 million. It offered services to 95.4% of Turkey's population through its network.[citation needed]
In October 2014, Avea secured a US$400 million club loan from a consortium of banks. The purpose of the funds was not disclosed. At that time, Türk Telekom held approximately 89.99 % of Avea's shares, while Is Bankası owned the remaining 10.01 %.[15]
Sebit
The activities of SEBIT Eğitim ve Bilgi Teknolojileri A.Ş. had started in 1988, in a multimedia laboratory founded within Turkey's Scientific and Technological Research Council (TÜBİTAK). The lab was privatized in 1996 and the production of computer supported education contents towards K-12 level. After the product “Akademedia” produced in 1998, Educational software with the brand “Vitamin” had been introduced. In the following years, “KidsPlus” products had joined the series. The company has a place in Chinese, Malaysian, American, and British markets.[citation needed]
It has been conducting the only integrated R&D project in the education area of the European Union’s 6th Framework Program. Active in corporate education, it has developed e-learning solutions[buzzword] for the institutions such as IES, Union of Banks of Turkey, Secretariat of Defense Industries, Public Procurement Agency, Coca-Cola, Migros, Siemens, and TTNET.[citation needed]
CETEL
CETEL was incorporated by Çalık Enerji and Türk Telekom having 80% and 20% shares, respectively, on 1 June 2007. CETEL purchased the 76% shares of ALBtelecom on 1 October 2007. ALBtelecom is the incumbent fixed-line operator in Albania, which also has a GSM license. CETEL was incorporated as a special-purpose entity to acquire the 76% shares of Albtecom Sh.A, which is located in Albania and operates in the telecommunication industry.[16]
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Controversies
Spyware injection
Citizen Lab has found out that a series of middleboxes on Türk Telekom’s network were being used to redirect hundreds of users attempting to download certain legitimate programs to versions of those programs bundled with spyware. The spyware Citizen Lab found bundled by operators was similar to that used in the StrongPity APT attacks. Before switching to the StrongPity spyware, the operators of the Turkey injection used the FinFisher “lawful intercept” spyware, which FinFisher asserts is sold only to government entities.[17]
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