USLHS Orchid

USLHS Orchid was a Manzanita-class tender built for the United States Lighthouse Service. She was transferred to the United States Coast Guard and redesignated USCGC Orchid (WAGL-240) in 1939. She served from 1908 to 1945.

Orchid, painted grey in wartime livery, in 1946
History
Name	Orchid
Namesake	Orchidaceae
Owner	Department of Commerce (1908–1917) United States Navy (1917–1919) Department of Commerce (1919–1939) United States Coast Guard (1939–1945)
Operator	United States Lighthouse Service (1908–1917) United States Navy (1917–1919) United States Lighthouse Service (1919–1939) United States Coast Guard (1939–1945)
Builder	American Brown Boveri Electrical Corporation
Commissioned	August 5, 1908
Recommissioned	April 11, 1917 (For USN)
Decommissioned	July 1, 1919 (From USN)
Decommissioned	December 1, 1945
In service	1908–1945
Reclassified	1939 (as a buoy tender)
Identification	Call sign: GVRM (1908–1919) NLM (1919–1939) NRWQ (1939–1945)
Fate	Sold to Philippine government, 1945
General characteristics
Class and type	Manzanita-class tender
Length	190 feet (58 m)
Beam	30 feet (9.1 m)
Depth	13.25 feet (4.04 m)
Installed power	2x triple-expansion steam engines 2x Scotch marine boilers (1908) 2x triple-expansion steam engines 2x Water-tube boilers (Late 1920s)
Speed	12 knots (14 mph; 22 km/h) (1908) 13.5 knots (15.5 mph; 25.0 km/h) (1945)
Complement	33 (1908) 45 (1945)
Armament	1x 3"/23, 2x 20mm, 2x depth charge racks (1945)

Construction

Orchid was built in 1908 by the American Brown Boveri Electrical Corporation—a subsidiary of the New York Shipbuilding Corporation—in Camden, New Jersey. She was named after the plant family Orchidaceae.^[1][2] She was a Manzanita-class tender, named after the first of a class of eight tenders constructed. She was commissioned on August 5, 1908,^[2] and assigned the callsign GVRM. Her prefix was USLHS, which stood for United States Lighthouse Ship.^[3]

Specifications

Orchid was 190 feet (58 m) long, 30 feet (9.1 m) wide, and had a depth of 13.25 feet (4.04 m). She had two triple-expansion steam engines and two Scotch marine boilers that burned coal, together capable of producing 1,100 shaft horsepower. She could make 12 knots (14 mph; 22 km/h). The tender was manned by five officers and 23 crewmen.^[2]

Orchid was constructed primarily of steel. She had flat sides that allowed buoy pads to be attached, and the sides also reduced the tendency of a buoy to slide beneath the tender's hull when one was alongside the other. Her boom was long enough to permit special rigging for transferring supplies to lighthouses on rocks or cliffs. However, the tender heeled sharply when lifting buoys.^[2][4]

Service history

Orchid was assigned to Baltimore in 1908 as a lighthouse tender. She was operated by the United States Lighthouse Service, largely serving in the Chesapeake Bay. On April 11, 1917, she was acquired by the United States Navy. The tender was returned to the Department of Commerce on July 1, 1919, and was rebuilt. Orchid's callsign was changed to NLM. In the late 1920s, Orchid was converted to use oil as fuel. The tender's Scotch boilers were replaced with water-tube boilers.^[3] She was reassigned to Norfolk, Virginia, in 1935.^[1][2]

When the United States Lighthouse Service was merged with the United States Coast Guard in 1939,^[5] Orchid was transferred to the military branch and was redesignated as United States Coast Guard Cutter Orchid (WAGL-240), with the call sign NRWQ.^[3] She was reassigned as a buoy tender, and would operate out of Portsmouth, for the duration of the Second World War.^[2][6]

During the war, Orchid was painted grey. She swept both the channel leading into Hampton Roads in Virginia and Cape Fear in North Carolina. The tender never encountered a U-boat nor participated in an attack on one, though the tender did lay red nun buoys marking the wrecks of torpedoed ships—including SS Dixie Arrow. On one occasion, Orchid picked up the corpse of a German officer despite orders not to do so, and caused a stir amongst Navy command to the point where they were directly told to stop picking up corpses.^[6]

In 1945, she underwent a major refit. Orchid was armed with one 3"/23 anti-aircraft gun, two Oerlikon 20mm guns and two depth charge racks. Her crew capacity was also raised from 33 to 45, and her speed was upgraded to 13.5 knots (15.5 mph; 25.0 km/h).^[2] The tender was decommissioned on December 1, 1945,^[3] and sold to the Philippine government as an auxiliary ship.^[1] Where specifically she was transferred to is unknown, but Orchid was most likely given to the Philippine Coast and Geodetic Survey.^[7]