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Uniform 9-polytope

Type of geometric object From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Uniform 9-polytope
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In nine-dimensional geometry, a nine-dimensional polytope or 9-polytope is a polytope contained by 8-polytope facets. Each 7-polytope ridge being shared by exactly two 8-polytope facets.

Graphs of three regular and related uniform polytopes
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9-simplex		 Thumb
Rectified 9-simplex
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Truncated 9-simplex		 Thumb
Cantellated 9-simplex
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Runcinated 9-simplex		 Thumb
Stericated 9-simplex
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Pentellated 9-simplex		 Thumb
Hexicated 9-simplex
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Heptellated 9-simplex		 Thumb
Octellated 9-simplex
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9-orthoplex		 Thumb
9-cube
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Truncated 9-orthoplex		 Thumb
Truncated 9-cube
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Rectified 9-orthoplex		 Thumb
Rectified 9-cube
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9-demicube		 Thumb
Truncated 9-demicube

A uniform 9-polytope is one which is vertex-transitive, and constructed from uniform 8-polytope facets.

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Regular 9-polytopes

Regular 9-polytopes can be represented by the Schläfli symbol {p,q,r,s,t,u,v,w}, with w {p,q,r,s,t,u,v} 8-polytope facets around each peak.

There are exactly three such convex regular 9-polytopes:

  1. {3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3} - 9-simplex
  2. {4,3,3,3,3,3,3,3} - 9-cube
  3. {3,3,3,3,3,3,3,4} - 9-orthoplex

There are no nonconvex regular 9-polytopes.

Euler characteristic

The topology of any given 9-polytope is defined by its Betti numbers and torsion coefficients.[1]

The value of the Euler characteristic used to characterise polyhedra does not generalize usefully to higher dimensions, whatever their underlying topology. This inadequacy of the Euler characteristic to reliably distinguish between different topologies in higher dimensions led to the discovery of the more sophisticated Betti numbers.[1]

Similarly, the notion of orientability of a polyhedron is insufficient to characterise the surface twistings of toroidal polytopes, and this led to the use of torsion coefficients.[1]

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Uniform 9-polytopes by fundamental Coxeter groups

Uniform 9-polytopes with reflective symmetry can be generated by these three Coxeter groups, represented by permutations of rings of the Coxeter-Dynkin diagrams:

More information Coxeter group, Coxeter-Dynkin diagram ...

Selected regular and uniform 9-polytopes from each family include:

  • Simplex family: A9 [38] -
    • 271 uniform 9-polytopes as permutations of rings in the group diagram, including one regular:
      1. {38} - 9-simplex or deca-9-tope or decayotton -
  • Hypercube/orthoplex family: B9 [4,38] -
    • 511 uniform 9-polytopes as permutations of rings in the group diagram, including two regular ones:
      1. {4,37} - 9-cube or enneract -
      2. {37,4} - 9-orthoplex or enneacross -
  • Demihypercube D9 family: [36,1,1] -
    • 383 uniform 9-polytope as permutations of rings in the group diagram, including:
      1. {31,6,1} - 9-demicube or demienneract, 161 - ; also as h{4,38} .
      2. {36,1,1} - 9-orthoplex, 611 -

The A9 family

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The A9 family has symmetry of order 3628800 (10 factorial).

There are 256+16-1=271 forms based on all permutations of the Coxeter-Dynkin diagrams with one or more rings. These are all enumerated below. Bowers-style acronym names are given in parentheses for cross-referencing.

More information #, Graph ...
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The B9 family

There are 511 forms based on all permutations of the Coxeter-Dynkin diagrams with one or more rings.

Eleven cases are shown below: Nine rectified forms and 2 truncations. Bowers-style acronym names are given in parentheses for cross-referencing.

More information #, Graph ...
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The D9 family

The D9 family has symmetry of order 92,897,280 (9 factorial × 28).

This family has 3×128−1=383 Wythoffian uniform polytopes, generated by marking one or more nodes of the D9 Coxeter-Dynkin diagram. Of these, 255 (2×128−1) are repeated from the B9 family and 128 are unique to this family, with the eight 1 or 2 ringed forms listed below. Bowers-style acronym names are given in parentheses for cross-referencing.

More information #, Coxeter plane graphs ...
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Regular and uniform honeycombs

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Coxeter-Dynkin diagram correspondences between families and higher symmetry within diagrams. Nodes of the same color in each row represent identical mirrors. Black nodes are not active in the correspondence.

There are five fundamental affine Coxeter groups that generate regular and uniform tessellations in 8-space:

More information , ...

Regular and uniform tessellations include:

  • 45 uniquely ringed forms
  • 271 uniquely ringed forms
  • : 383 uniquely ringed forms, 255 shared with , 128 new
  • , [31,1,34,31,1]: 155 unique ring permutations, and 15 are new, the first, , Coxeter called a quarter 8-cubic honeycomb, representing as q{4,36,4}, or qδ9.
  • 511 forms

Regular and uniform hyperbolic honeycombs

There are no compact hyperbolic Coxeter groups of rank 9, groups that can generate honeycombs with all finite facets, and a finite vertex figure. However, there are 4 paracompact hyperbolic Coxeter groups of rank 9, each generating uniform honeycombs in 8-space as permutations of rings of the Coxeter diagrams.

= [3,3[8]]:
 = [31,1,33,32,1]:
 = [4,34,32,1]:
 = [34,3,1]:
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References

External links

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