United Pasokmomogun Kadazan Organisation

This article is about the Sabahan defunct political party of the 1960s. For the current manifestation of UPKO, formed in Sabah in 1994, see United Pasokmomogun Kadazandusun Murut Organisation.

The United Pasokmomogun Kadazan Organisation (Malay: Pertubuhan Pasok-Momogun Kadazan Bersatu; abbrev: UPKO) was a Kadazan-Dusun-Murut (KDM) based political party in North Borneo and later Sabah at the time it became a state of Malaysia in the 1960s.^[1][2]

United Pasokmomogun Kadazan Organisation Pertubuhan Pasok-Momogun Kadazan Bersatu
Abbreviation	UPKO
Leader	Fuad Stephens
Founder	Fuad Stephens
Founded	June 1964
Dissolved	28 December 1967
Merger of	Reunite of United Pasok Momogun Organisation (UPMO) to form United Pasokmomogun Kadazan Organisation (UPKO) - 1964
Split from	Breakaway of United Pasok Momogun Organisation (UPMO) - 1962
Preceded by	Formation of United National Kadazan Organisation (UNKO) - 1961
Succeeded by	Consolidation into United Sabah National Organisation (USNO) - 1967
National affiliation	Sabah Alliance (1963-1967)
Politics of Malaysia Political parties Elections

History

Formation of United National Kadazan Organisation (1961)

The party was initially started as the United National Kadazan Organisation (UNKO) which was founded by Donald Stephens and Peter Joinod Mojuntin in 1961, with its core constituency of indigenous Sabahans.^[3] UNKO modeled after United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) in Malaya; was the first indigenous party in Sabah formed to represent the interests of the Kadazandusun community in Sabah. At the time of its founding it had approximately 20,000 members.^[4]

Breakaway of United Pasok Momogun Organisation (1962)

The new party UNKO has members which does not support the "Malaysia project" and disagrees with Donald Stephens, hence they split to form a new group led by G. S. Sundang going on to form the United Pasok Momogun Organisation (UPMO) in January 1962.^[3]

Reunification and formation of United Pasokmomogun Kadazan Organisation (1963-1964)

Upon the formation of Malaysia in 1963, UNKO entered into a Sabah Alliance coalition with the United Sabah National Organisation (USNO), a Muslim party, and the Sabah Chinese Association (SCA) to form a consociationalism new Government of Sabah;^[3] with its president Stephens became the state's first Chief Minister.^[4] In May 1964, the breakaway UPMO party, eventually reunited with its parent party.^[1] The merger saw UNKO renamed itself as the United Pasokmomogun Kadazan Organisation (UPKO) in June 1964.^[2]

Dissolution and merger into United Sabah National Organisation (1967)

After Stephens was forced out of the chief ministership in 1964 and became a federal minister.,^[5] the party was dissolved on 28 December 1967 and absorbed into United Sabah National Organisation (USNO).^[2][6]

General election results

Election	Total seats won	Seats contested	Total votes	Share of votes	Outcome of election	Election leader
1964 (UNKO)	5 / 159	13		appointed by Legislative Assembly	5 seats; Governing coalition (Alliance Party)	Donald Stephens

State election results

State election	State Legislative Assembly
	Sabah	Total won / Total contested
2/3 majority	2 / 3
1967	12 / 32	12 / 24

See also

• Politics of Malaysia
• List of political parties in Malaysia
• Sabah Democratic Party (PDS)
• United Pasokmomogun Kadazandusun Murut Organisation (UPKO) (New)