Vaccinium reticulatum

Vaccinium reticulatum, known as ʻōhelo ʻai in Hawaiian, is a species of flowering plant in the heather family, Ericaceae, that is endemic to Hawaii. It grows at altitudes of 640–3,700 m (2,100–12,140 ft) on lava flows and freshly disturbed volcanic ash on Maui and Hawaiʻi, and less commonly on Kauaʻi, Oʻahu, and Molokaʻi. Adaptations to volcanic activity include the ability to survive ash falls of over 25 cm (10 in) depth.

Vaccinium reticulatum
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Asterids
Order:	Ericales
Family:	Ericaceae
Genus:	Vaccinium
Species:	V. reticulatum
Binomial name
Vaccinium reticulatum Sm.
Synonyms[1]
Vaccinium berberidifolium (A.Gray) Skottsb. Vaccinium pahalae Skottsb. Vaccinium peleanum Skottsb.

Oheloberries, raw

Vaccinium reticulatum fruits, Maui
Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)
Energy	117 kJ (28 kcal)
Carbohydrates	6.84 g
Fat	0.22 g
Protein	0.38 g
Vitamins and minerals Vitamins Quantity %DV† Vitamin A equiv. 5% 42 μg Thiamine (B1) 1% 0.017 mg Riboflavin (B2) 3% 0.036 mg Niacin (B3) 2% 0.27 mg Vitamin C 7% 6 mg Minerals Quantity %DV† Calcium 1% 7 mg Iron 1% 0.09 mg Magnesium 1% 6 mg Phosphorus 1% 10 mg Potassium 1% 38 mg
Link to USDA Database entry
†Percentages estimated using US recommendations for adults,[2] except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from the National Academies[3]

Description

ʻŌhelo ʻai is a shrub usually 0.1–1.3 m (4 in – 4 ft 3 in) tall, rarely up to 2 m (6+1⁄2 ft). The leaves are evergreen, spirally arranged, leathery, oval, 1–3 cm (1⁄2–1+1⁄4 in) long, red when freshly emerging, then green or green with reddish patches. The flowers are bell-shaped, 8–12 mm (3⁄8–1⁄2 in) long, variable in color, red to yellow or pink.

Fruit

The fruit is a berry 8–14 mm (3⁄8–1⁄2 in) diameter, ranging in color from blue to purple to red to orange to yellow. The color does not necessarily indicate the ripeness of the berries. The berries taste somewhat similar to the related cranberries, less ripe ones being tart, while ripe berries are quite sweet but bland. They are an important food source for the nēnē (Branta sandvicensis); the seeds are dispersed in the birds' droppings (endozoochory).

Uses

The berry is edible and flavorful.^[4]

Oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPC) can be obtained by the means of V. pahalae in vitro cell culture.^[5]

See also

• Hawaiian Vaccinium