Varanus yuwonoi

The tricolor monitor (Varanus yuwonoi), also commonly known as the black-backed mangrove monitor or the black-backed monitor, is a species of monitor lizard in the blue-tailed monitor species complex.^[2][3] The tricolor monitor is endemic to the island of Halmahera, in the Maluku Islands, Indonesia.^[4]

Varanus yuwonoi
Vulnerable  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Reptilia
Order:	Squamata
Suborder:	Anguimorpha
Family:	Varanidae
Genus:	Varanus
Subgenus:	Euprepiosaurus
Species:	V. yuwonoi
Binomial name
Varanus yuwonoi Harvey & Barker, 1998
Varanus yuwonoi is endemic to the island of Halmahera

Etymology

The specific epithet, yuwonoi, is in honour of Indonesian herpetologist Frank Bambang Yuwono (born 1958).^[3][5]

Taxonomy

The tricolor monitor is a member of the blue-tailed monitor (Varanus doreanus) species complex, which includes species such as the blue-tailed monitor, Finsch's monitor, and the Mussau Island blue-tailed monitor.^[2]

Description

The fully mature size of tricolor monitors is currently unknown, owing to the great difficulty of observing this species. The largest individual recorded was 1.46 metres (4.79 feet) in total length (including tail) but was not fully grown.^[6]

The species is strikingly colourful, with a bright blue tail and a yellow body. The tongue is also yellow, a shared characteristic of all species in the blue-tailed monitor species complex.^[7] The tail is heavily compressed and the teeth are proportionately very long compared to most monitors, even those which it is closely related to.^[6]

Geographic range and habitat

Tricolor monitors are endemic to Halmahera Island, and are primarily found in its inland rainforest, where they are sympatric with the turquoise monitor, Rainer Günther's monitor, and possibly the silver monitor.^[6]

Diet

Tricolor monitors are carnivorous. They frequent nest mounds excavated by megapodes, which attract smaller birds as well as small reptiles and insects that they may take as prey with their unusually long teeth. They may also consume megapode chicks and are reported to also excavate mounds to eat the eggs inside. This suggests that this species is specialized at ambushing birds.^[6]