Virola sebifera

Virola sebifera is a species of tree in the family Myristicaceae, from North and South America.^[3]

Virola sebifera
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Magnoliids
Order:	Magnoliales
Family:	Myristicaceae
Genus:	Virola
Species:	V. sebifera
Binomial name
Virola sebifera Aubl.
Synonyms
Myristica mocoa[1] Myrica ocuba Myristica panamensis[1] Myristica sebifera (Aubl.) Sw.[2] Virola mocoa[1] Virola panamensis[1] Virola boliviensis[1] Virola uenezuelensis[1] Virola mycetis[1] Virola warburgii[1]

Description

V. sebifera is a tall, thin tree which grows 5–30 m (16–98 ft) tall.^[1] The leaves are simple and grow up to 30 cm (12 in) long. The small flowers are single-sexed and are found in panicles. The fruit is reddish, oval-shaped, and about 10–15 mm (0.39–0.59 in) long and about 11 mm (0.43 in) in diameter.^[1] The individual Virola trees, which include 40 to 60 species, are difficult to differentiate from one another.^[4]

Vernacular names

English: red ucuuba.^[2]

Portuguese: Ucuúba-do-cerrado.^[5]

Chemical constituents

The bark of the tree is rich in tannins^[3] and also the hallucinogen^[6] dimethyltryptamine (DMT), as well as 5-MeO-DMT. The ripe seeds contain fatty acid glycerides, especially laurodimyristin and trimyristin.^[7] The bark contains 0.065% to 0.25% alkaloids, most of which are DMT and 5-MeO-DMT.^[8] The "juice or gum" of the bark seems to have the highest concentrations of alkaloids (up to 8%).^[8]

Uses

Industrial uses

Seeds from V. sebifera are processed to obtain the fats, which are yellow and aromatic. They smell like nutmeg.^[9] The fats also become rancid quickly. They are used industrially in the production of fats, candles, and soaps. This virola fat possesses properties similar to cocoa butter^[7] and shea butter.

The wood of V. sebifera has a density around 0.37 g/cm³ (0.013 lb/cu in).^[10]

Homeopathy and traditional uses

The smoke of the inner bark of the tree is used by shamans of the indigenous people of Venezuela in cases of fever conditions, or cooked for driving out evil ghosts.^[4]

The homeopathic concoction Myristica sebifera (abbreviation: Myris) is derived from the fresh, red juice from the injured bark of the tree. Homeopathic practice uses it for such ailments as abscesses, phlegmon, paronychia, furuncle, anal fissures, infections of the parotid gland, bacterially infected tonsilitis, and others.^[3][11][12]

As of date, there is no empirical evidence supporting any medical effectiveness of Myristica sebifera. Any physiological efficacy would be highly implausible from a biochemical standpoint. ^[13]