William Clarkson

For other people named William Clarkson, see William Clarkson (disambiguation).

Vice Admiral Sir William Clarkson, KBE, CMG (26 March 1859 – 21 January 1934) is regarded as the co-founder of the Royal Australian Navy (RAN), in which he served as a senior commander.^[1]

William Clarkson
Blue plaque at Clarkson's birth place.
Born	26 March 1859 10 St Hilda's Terrace, Whitby, North Yorkshire, England
Died	21 January 1934(1934-01-21) (aged 74) Darling Point, Sydney, Australia
Buried	Church of Saint Mary, Whitby, North Yorkshire, England 54°29′20″N 0°36′34″W
Allegiance	Australia
Branch	South Australian Naval Service Commonwealth Naval Forces Royal Australian Navy
Years of service	1884–1923
Rank	Vice Admiral
Battles / wars	Boxer Rebellion
Awards	Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George
Memorials	Clarkson Street, Canberra, Australia
Spouse(s)	Louisa Clarissa Hawker
Other work	Chairman of Commonwealth Shipping Board

Early life

Born in Whitby, North Yorkshire, to James, a draper, and his wife Mary (née Dixon). Clarkson was privately educated in the town. Later he was articled into shipbuilding in Newcastle upon Tyne for R. & W. Hawthorn. In his time at the company he became a marine engineer.^[2]

South Australian Naval Service

Clarkson joined the South Australian Naval Service as an Engineer Lieutenant in May 1884, travelling to Australian in HMAS Protector. It was in this time that he served under Captain William Creswell (Later Vice Admiral and Commander of Commonwealth Naval Forces) who shared his interest of creating a united Australian Navy.^[2]

He was Chief engineer aboard Protector in the Boxer Rebellion in 1900–01, which carried despatches in the conflict. ^[3]

Commonwealth Naval Forces

Following the Boxer Rebellion, Clarkson transferred to the Commonwealth Naval Forces upon the Federation of Australia.

In October 1905 Clarkson was promoted to Engineer Commander.

On 27 March 1907 he was selected to visit Japan, the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom in order to study Naval dockyards, ship construction and training methods.^[4] In this period he oversaw the building of destroyers for the CNF, which would become the first ships of the newly founded Royal Australian Navy.^[2]

Royal Australian Navy

Main article: Colonial navies of Australia

Upon the founding of the RAN in 1911, Clarkson became the third member of the Australian Commonwealth Naval Board, joining Creswell and Captain Gordon Smith. Subsequently, the decision was made to build a naval base at Western Port and Clarkson was a driving force in its creation. Work on Flinders Naval Base started in 1913 and was opened in 1920, for the purpose of training.^[5] In 1913 he was made a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George.

He was promoted to Rear Admiral on 1 April 1916. At the outbreak of World War I he became the Director of Transports and Controller of Shipping. By 1918 he was regarded as "without peer in Australian maritime affairs".^[2] Upon the formation of the Inter-State Central Committee he became Chairman and Controller of coastal shipping.^[6] For his duties in this capacity, in 1919 he was made a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire. The citation reads

Rear-Admiral William Clarkson, CMG, RAN, for services in connection with the control and reorganisation of coastal shipping.^[7]

He was promoted to vice admiral on 1 November 1922 and transferred to the retired list.^[2]

Commonwealth Shipping Board

In 1923, he was appointed Director of the Commonwealth Shipping Board.^[8]

Death

He died of heart disease at the family home in Darling Point, Sydney, Australia on 21 Jan 1934. He was cremated at the Rookwood Crematorium ^[8] and a funeral with full military honours was held. His ashes were then transported back to his hometown, where they were interred in the family memorial at the Church of Saint Mary, Whitby.^[1]