William Giauque

William Francis Giauque (/dʒiˈoʊk/;^[1] May 12, 1895 – March 28, 1982) was a Canadian-born American chemist and Nobel laureate. He was recognized in 1949, for his studies in the properties of matter, at temperatures close to absolute zero. He spent virtually all of his educational and professional career at the University of California, Berkeley.

William Giauque
Giauque in 1949
Born	William Francis Giauque (1895-05-12)May 12, 1895 Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada
Died	March 28, 1982(1982-03-28) (aged 86) Berkeley, California, US
Nationality	American
Education	University of California, Berkeley (BS, PhD)
Awards	Elliott Cresson Medal (1937) Nobel Prize for Chemistry (1949) Willard Gibbs Award (1951)
Scientific career
Fields	Physical chemistry
Institutions	University of California, Berkeley
Doctoral advisor	George Ernest Gibson
Doctoral students	Theodore H. Geballe

Biography

William Francis Giauque was born in Niagara Falls, Ontario, on May 12, 1895.

His father (William Tecumseh Giauque) was an American citizen, and so William Francis Giauque was conferred American citizenship, despite being born in Canada,^[2][3]

In 1926, he proposed a method for observing temperatures considerably below 1 Kelvin (1 K is −457.87 °F or −272.15 °C). He developed a magnetic refrigeration device of his own design in order to achieve this outcome, getting closer to absolute zero than many scientists had thought possible. This trailblazing work, apart from proving one of the fundamental laws of nature led to stronger steel, better gasoline and more efficient processes in a range of industries.

Giauque was elected a member of the United States National Academy of Sciences in 1936,^[4] a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1940,^[5] and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1950.^[6]

Personal life

In 1932, Giauque married Dr. Muriel Frances Ashley and they had two sons. He died on March 28, 1982, in Berkeley, California.