Workforce modeling

Workforce modeling is the process of aligning the demand for skilled labor with the availability and preferences of skilled workers (supply). It uses mathematical models to support tasks such as sensitivity analysis, scheduling, and workload forecasting.

This approach is commonly applied in industries with complex labor regulations, certified workers, and varying levels of demand, including healthcare, public safety, and retail. Workforce modeling solutions often include software tools that help determine staffing needs based on workload volume across different periods, such as times of day, days of the week, or seasonal cycles.

Definition

The term can be differentiated from traditional staff scheduling. Staff scheduling is rooted in time management. Besides demand orientation, workforce modeling also incorporates the forecast of the workload and the required staff, the integration of workers into the scheduling process through interactivity, and analysis of the entire process.^{[citation needed]}

Complexity of the model

Many applications providing a workforce modeling solution use the linear programming approach to create the Workforce Model. Linear methods of achieving a schedule are generally based on assumptions that demand is based on a series of independent events, each with a consistent, predictable outcome. However, modeling the uncertainty and dependability of these events is a well-researched area.^[1] Modeling approaches such as system dynamics have also been employed in workforce modeling to address interdependencies and feedback loops within large organizations, such as NASA.^[2] Heuristics have also been applied to the problem, and metaheuristics have been identified as effective methods for generating complex scheduling solutions.^[1][3]