Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes

The phylogenetic classification of bony fishes is a phylogenetic classification of bony fishes and is based on phylogenies inferred using molecular and genomic data for nearly 2000 fishes.^[1][2][3] The first version was published in 2013 and resolved 66 orders.^[2] The latest version (version 4) was published in 2017 and recognised 72 orders and 79 suborders.^[3]

Phylogeny

The following cladograms show the phylogeny of the Osteichthyes down to order level, with the number of families in parentheses.^[3]

Osteichthyes

Sarcopterygii Actinista Coelacanthiformes (1) — coelacanths Dipnotetrapodomorpha Dipnomorpha Ceratodontiformes (3) — lungfishes Tetrapodomorpha — tetrapods (lobe‑finned fishes) Actinopterygii Cladistia Polypteriformes (1) — bichirs Chondrostei Acipenseriformes (2) — paddlefishes and sturgeons Neopterygii Holostei Amiiformes (1) — bowfins Lepisosteiformes (1) — gars Teleostei Elopomorpha Elopiformes — tenpounders (ladyfishes), tarpons Anguilliformes — eels Notacanthiformes — halosaurs and deep-sea spiny eels Albuliformes — bonefishes Osteoglossocephalai Osteoglossomorpha Hiodontiformes (1) — mooneyes Osteoglossiformes (5) — bonytongues, butterflyfishes, elephantfishes, abas Clupeocephala Otomorpha Clupeiformes (5) — herrings (including anchovies, sardines, etc) Alepocephali Alepocephaliformes (2) — slickheads, tubeshoulders Ostariophysi Gonorynchiformes (3) — milkfishes, beaked sandfishes, knerias and snake mudheads Otophysa Cypriniformes (24) — carps, loaches, minnows, and relatives Characiformes (23) — characins (including tetras and piranhas) Gymnotiformes (5) — Neotropical knifefishes Siluriformes (41) — catfishes (=Otophysi) (=Otocephala) Euteleosteomorpha Lepidogalaxiiformes (1) — salamanderfishes Protacanthopterygii Argentiniformes (4) — marine smelts Galaxiiformes (1) — galaxids Esociformes (2) — pikes, mudminnows Salmoniformes (1) — trout, salmon, and whitefish Stomiati Osmeriformes (4) — freshwater smelts Stomiiformes (4) — dragonfishes Neoteleostei Ateleopodiformes (1) — jellynose fishes Eurypterygii Cyclosquamata Aulopiformes (17) — lizardfishes Ctenosquamata Myctophiformes (2) — lanternfishes, blackchins Acanthomorphata spiny-rayed fishes (43 orders, see below) (=Acanthomorpha) (=Euteleostei) (ray‑finned fishes)

The 43 orders of spiny-rayed fishes are related as follows:

Acanthomorphata

Lampriformes (6) — opahs (velifers, opahs, crestfishes, tapertails, ribbonfishes, oarfishes) Paracanthopterygii Percopsiformes (3) — trout-perches, pirate perches, cavefishes Zeiformes (6) — dories Stylephoriformes (1) — tube-eyes or thread-tails Gadiformes (12) — cods and hakes Polymixiipterygii Polymixiiformes (1) — beardfishes Acanthopterygii Trachichthyiformes (5) — roughies Beryciformes (8) — alfonsinos, whalefishes, etc Holocentriformes (1) — squirrelfishes Percomorphaceae Ophidiaria Ophidiiformes (1) — cusk-eels Batrachoidaria Batrachoidiformes (1) — toadfishes Pelagiaria Scombriformes (17) — mackerels Syngnatharia Syngnathiformes (10) — pipefishes and seahorses Gobiaria Kurtiformes (2) — nurseryfishes and cardinalfishes Gobiiformes (9) — gobies Anabantaria Synbranchiformes (4) — swamp eels Anabantiformes (7) — labyrinth fishes Carangaria Carangiformes* (5) — jacks Istiophoriformes (2) — barracudas, swordfishes and billfishes Pleuronectiformes (14) — flatfishes incertae sedis (Lactariidae, Menidae, Polynemidae) Carangiformes 1 (Nematistiidae, Rachycentridae, Coryphaenidae, Echeneidae) incertae sedis (Sphyraenidae) incertae sedis (Leptobramidae, Toxotidae) Istiophoriformes Carangiformes 2 (Carangidae) incertae sedis (Centropomidae) Pleuronectiformes (7 families incertae sedis) Ovalentaria Cichlomorphae Cichliformes (2) — cichlids Atherinomorphae Beloniformes (5) — needlefishes Cyprinodontiformes (10) — killifishes Atheriniformes (10) — silversides Mugilomorphae Mugiliformes (1) — mullets Blenniimorphae Gobiesociformes (1) — clingfishes Blenniiformes (6) — blennies (9 families incertae sedis) Eupercaria Gerreiformes (1) — Uranoscopiformes (4) — Labriformes (1) — wrasses and relatives Ephippiformes (2) — Chaetodontiformes (2) — butterflyfishes and ponyfishes Acanthuriformes (3) — surgeonfishes and relatives Lutjaniformes (2) — snappers and grunts Lobotiformes (3) — Spariformes (3) — breams and porgies Priacanthiformes (2) — bigeyes and bandfishes Caproiformes (1) — boarfishes Lophiiformes (18) — anglerfishes Tetraodontiformes (10) — plectognaths Pempheriformes (17) — Centrarchiformes (19) — Perciformes (61) — perches, mail-cheeked fishes (includes former Scorpaeniformes, Cottiformes, and Trachiniformes) (14 families incertae sedis) (=Percomorpha)

(spiny‑rayed fishes)