5'-3' exoribonuclease 2

5'-3' Exoribonuclease 2 (XRN2) also known as Dhm1-like protein is an exoribonuclease enzyme that in humans is encoded by the XRN2 gene.^[5]

XRN2
Identifiers
Aliases	XRN2, entrez:22803, 5'-3' exoribonuclease 2
External IDs	OMIM: 608851; MGI: 894687; HomoloGene: 6927; GeneCards: XRN2; OMA:XRN2 - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 20 (human)[1] Band 20p11.22 Start 21,303,331 bp[1] End 21,389,825 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 2 (mouse)[2] Band 2|2 G2 Start 146,854,916 bp[2] End 146,919,920 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in monocyte ganglionic eminence gonad islet of Langerhans smooth muscle tissue Achilles tendon appendix gallbladder ventricular zone stromal cell of endometrium Top expressed in tail of embryo yolk sac Gonadal ridge ventricular zone ganglionic eminence neural layer of retina mandibular prominence maxillary prominence abdominal wall spermatid More reference expression data BioGPS n/a
Gene ontology Molecular function DNA binding 5'-3' exoribonuclease activity 5'-3' exonuclease activity metal ion binding protein binding nucleic acid binding nuclease activity transcription termination site sequence-specific DNA binding exonuclease activity hydrolase activity 3'-5'-exoribonuclease activity RNA binding Cellular component membrane aggresome nucleolus nucleus nucleoplasm Biological process RNA processing regulation of transcription, DNA-templated DNA-templated transcription, termination mRNA processing RNA catabolic process transcription, DNA-templated DNA catabolic process, exonucleolytic spermatogenesis RNA metabolic process nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process neuron differentiation retina development in camera-type eye rRNA processing RNA phosphodiester bond hydrolysis, exonucleolytic hippocampus development Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 22803 24128 Ensembl ENSG00000088930 ENSMUSG00000027433 UniProt Q9H0D6 Q9DBR1 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_012255 NM_001317960 NM_011917 NM_001356402 NM_001356403 RefSeq (protein) NP_001304889 NP_036387 NP_036047 NP_001343331 NP_001343332 Location (UCSC) Chr 20: 21.3 – 21.39 Mb Chr 2: 146.85 – 146.92 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
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The human gene encoding XRN2 shares similarity with the mouse Dhm1 and the yeast's Dhp1 (Schizosaccharomyces pombe) or RAT1 (Saccharomyces) genes. The yeast gene is involved in homologous recombination and RNA metabolism, such as RNA synthesis and RNA trafficking and termination.^[6] Complementation studies show that Dhm1 has a similar function in mouse as Dhp1.

Function

Human XRN2 is involved in the torpedo model of transcription termination.^[7]

The C. elegans homologue, XRN-2, is involved in the degradation of certain mature miRNAs and their dislodging from miRISC miRNAs.^[8]

In yeast, the Rat1 protein has been shown to also be involved in the torpedo transcription termination model. When a polyadenylation site has been detected on the nascent RNA and cleaved by the RNA polymerase II, the Rtt103 factor recruits Rat1 and attaches it to free end. The exonuclease activity of Rat1 degrades the RNA strand and halts transcriptions upon catching up to the polymerase.^[6]

See also

• Xrn1