Xorai

The Xorai (Assamese pronunciation: [xɔɹaɪ]), a manufactured bell metal product is one of the traditional symbols of Assam, which is considered as an article of great respect by the people of Assam.^[1][2][3] In simplistic terms it is an offering tray with a stand at the bottom which is used in felicitations also.^[4][5] There are Xorais with or without a cover on the top. Hajo and Sarthebari are the most important centers of traditional bell-metal and brass crafts in Assam.^[6]

A set of Xorais on display

Two extra large Xorais being used by the roadside welcoming visitors to Kaziranga National Park

Usage

• As an offering tray for tamul-pan (betel nuts and betel leaves) to guests as a sign of welcome and thanks.^[7]
• As an offering tray for food and other items placed in front of the altar (naamghar) for blessing by the Lord.
• As a decorative symbol in traditional functions such as during Bihu dances (modern usage)
• As a gift to a person of honour during felicitations (modern usage)

Xorai

Xorai with Gamosa, Tamul and Paan, a tradition in Assam

History and Origin

The tradition of using the Xorai dates back to ancient Assam, with records suggesting its prevalence during the Ahom dynasty and earlier periods. It was traditionally used in royal courts, religious rituals, and community ceremonies. Over the centuries, the Xorai has remained a consistent symbol of honour and hospitality in Assamese culture.^[8]

Manufacturing Process

Xorais are typically crafted using bell metal, an alloy of copper and tin. Traditional artisans, especially in Sarthebari and Hajo, follow a manual process that includes melting, casting, hammering, and engraving. The production requires exceptional skill, usually passed down through generations.^[9]

Symbolism and Cultural Significance

In Assamese society, the Xorai is regarded as a sacred and symbolic object. It is often used to present offerings to guests, elders, and deities, embodying respect, purity, and goodwill. Its presence in religious and social rituals represents a deep-rooted cultural connection and spiritual reverence.^[10]

Modern Adaptations

While the traditional use of the Xorai continues, it is increasingly adapted as a decorative and symbolic gift in modern settings. It is often presented during state ceremonies, academic convocations, and cultural festivals. Designer versions are also produced as showpieces or awards.^[11]

Representation in Media and Events

Xorai is frequently showcased in Assamese literature, films, documentaries, and advertisements. During events like Assam Day, Rongali Bihu, and official state receptions, the Xorai is prominently displayed or gifted to dignitaries as a cultural ambassador of Assam.^[12]

Comparison with Similar Items in Other Cultures

Objects similar to Xorai exist in other Asian cultures—for example, the thali in North India or phan in Thailand. However, the Xorai's craftsmanship, materials, and ceremonial function are unique to Assam, making it a distinct marker of the region’s heritage.^[13]

See also

• Culture of Assam
• Bell and brass metal crafts of Assam
• Traditional crafts of Assam
• Tamol in Assamese Culture