Yangkaal

The Yangkaal, also spelt Yanggal, are an Aboriginal Australian people of area of the Gulf of Carpentaria in the state of Queensland.

Gananggalinda is a variant name of the same group.^[1]

Language

Main article: Yangkaal language

Country

The Yangkaal work over 300 square miles (780 km²) of land, both on Forsyth Island and the stretch of coastline opposite, on the mainland, running as far west as Cliffdale Creek mainland opposite. Much of the continental coastland used by the Yangkaal was mangrovial.^{[citation needed]}

David Horton reported in The Encyclopaedia of Aboriginal Australia: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander history, society and culture that the traditional lands of the Gananggalinda were near Bayley Point and Point Parker on the coast of the Gulf of Carpentaria. The Gananggalinda and their neighbours the Yukulta / Ganggalidda have similar culture and language.^[2]

Social organisation

The Yangkaal were composed of at least three kin groups:

• The Djo:ara (Beche-de-Mer Camp and Bayley (Robert) Island.)
• Laraksnja:ra (eastern part of Forsyth Island.)
• Mara'kalpa (western side of Forsyth Island.)
• A clan once resident on Denham Island.^[3]

History of contact

The Yangkaal eventually moved to Mornington Island, where Arthur Capell briefly interviewed one informant, and obtained information, some of which turned out to be unreliable. He was told that their name for their homeland on Forsyth Island was Nemi, from which he deduced that their language was Nemarang.^[4] This misapprehension was corrected by Norman Tindale, who explained that this term was the personal name of a Yangkaal person known on the Mornington Island Mission as Edward Nemie, the latter being a distortion of the missionary's word "name".^[3][a]

Alternative names

• Njanggad
• Janggaral
• Janggura
• Janggaralda
• Jangaralda (Lardil exonym)
• Nemarang (recent autonym formed from the English word 'name')
• Balumbant ('westerners' as opposed to Lilumbant, used of the Lardiil and Yokula)^[3]