Zeferina

Zeferina (fl. 1826) was a female leader of an 1826 slave revolt, the Revolt of Quilombo do Urubu, outside Salvador, Bahia.^[1]

Zeferina
Born	Portuguese West Africa
Battle	Revolt of Quilombo do Urubu
Criminal penalty	Forced labor

Early life and enslavement

Zeferina was originally from Angola, but was brought to Brazil as a slave.^[2]

Revolt of Quilombo do Urubu

In Piraja, in the outskirts of Salvador in Bahia, fugitive slaves and indigenous Tupinamba created a community in the woods called the Quilombo do Urubu. They grew their own food and performed candomble rituals. From here, they conducted constant offensives to free enslaved people. One of the leaders of a December 1826 revolt was Zeferina. ^[3][4] On December 15, the rebels captured a village in Cabula, a neighboring district to Piraja. On December 17, thirty soldiers from Salvador were sent to put down the rebellion.^[3] Armed with "bows and arrows, knives, pitchforks, hatchets and spears," the rebels won the first engagement with the soldiers.^[5] However, when reinforcements arrived, the rebels were defeated.^[6][7]

Capture

After being arrested, Zeferina was forced to confess the nature of the rebels' plans. Afterwards, she, along with another leader named Antonio, was condemned to forced labor for her role in the uprising.^[6]

In popular culture

Brazilian artist Dalton Paula's painting Zeferina depicts her.^[2]

See also

• Slave revolts in Brazil