Top Qs
Timeline
Chat
Perspective
Zhu Biao
Crown Prince of China from 1368 to 1392 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Remove ads
Zhu Biao (10 October 1355 – 17 May 1392) was the eldest son of the Hongwu Emperor, the founder of the Ming dynasty. Upon the establishment of the Ming dynasty in 1368, Zhu Biao was appointed as crown prince. In order to prepare for his future reign, he received a comprehensive Confucian education. However, he died at the young age of thirty-six in 1392, during his father's lifetime. He was succeeded by his eldest surviving son, Zhu Yunwen, who ascended the throne six years later as the Jianwen Emperor.
Remove ads
Life
Summarize
Perspective
Zhu Biao was born in Taiping (present-day Anhui), the seat of Zhu Yuanzhang at the time, and was his first son. In 1364, when his father declared himself King of Wu, he named Zhu Biao as his heir. After Zhu Yuanzhang proclaimed himself emperor of the Ming dynasty, Zhu Biao was given the title of crown prince (皇太子, huang taizi). He received an intensive education in Confucian teachings under the guidance of Song Lian and grew up to be an educated and humane politician, similar in these qualities to his mother.[1] From 1377, he actively participated in the emperor's meetings with ministers and played a role in the day-to-day management of the state.[1]
Zhu Biao's first wife was the daughter of Chang Yuchun. They married in 1371 and had two sons, Zhu Xiongying (1374–1382) and Zhu Yuntong (1377–1417).[1] His second wife was the daughter of Lü Ben (吕本; d. 1382), a Yuan official who had joined Zhu Yuanzhang early in his rise. They had three sons, Zhu Yunwen (the Jianwen Emperor), Zhu Yunjian (d. 1402), and Zhu Yunxi (1391–1406).[1]
In September 1391, Zhu Biao was sent to inspect the province of Shaanxi with the task of considering moving the capital to Chang'an (present-day Xi'an).[1] He returned from his journey at the end of the year, but before any measures could be taken, he fell ill in January 1392 and died a few months later.[1] He was buried in a mausoleum at the foot of Zhong Mountain on the outskirts of Nanjing.
After his death, his eldest son Zhu Yunwen became the crown prince and posthumously named him emperor after ascending the throne. However, the third Ming emperor, the Yongle Emperor, overthrew the Jianwen Emperor and abolished the imperial status of Zhu Biao.[2][1] It was not until two centuries later, in 1644, that Zhu Biao was once again posthumously promoted to emperor.[3][d]
Remove ads
Consorts and issue
- Empress Xiaokang (孝康皇后) of the Chang clan (常氏; 1355–1378)
- Zhu Xiongying (朱雄英), Prince Huai of Yu (虞懷王; 1 December 1374 – 12 June 1382), first son
- Zhu Yuntong (朱允熥), Prince Dao of Wu (吳悼王; 29 November 1378 – 1 September 1417), third son
- Crown Princess Yiwen (懿文皇太子妃) of the Lü clan (呂氏; 1359–1412)
- Zhu Yunwen (朱允炆), the Jianwen Emperor (建文帝; b. 5 December 1377), second son
- Zhu Yunjian (朱允熞), Prince Min of Heng (衡愍王; 27 July 1385 – 1402), fourth son
- Zhu Yunxi (朱允熙), Prince Jian of Xu (徐簡王; 13 July 1391 – 3 February 1407), fifth son
- Unknown
- Princess Jiangdu (江都郡主), first daughter
- Married Geng Xuan (耿璿), the first son of Geng Bingwen, in 1394
- Princess Yilun (宜倫郡主), second daughter
- Married Yu Li (於禮) in 1417
- Third daughter
- Princess Nanping (南平郡主; d. 1412), fourth daughter
- Princess Jiangdu (江都郡主), first daughter
Remove ads
Notes
- Chinese: 懿文太子 (conferred by the Hongwu Emperor; restored by the Yongle Emperor)
- Chinese: 孝康皇帝 (changed by the Jianwen Emperor; restored by the Hongguang Emperor)
- simplified Chinese: 兴宗; traditional Chinese: 興宗; pinyin: Xīngzōng
- According to Frederick W. Mote in the Dictionary of Ming Biography, 1368–1644, Zhu Biao was restored to imperial rank in 1595.[1]
References
Wikiwand - on
Seamless Wikipedia browsing. On steroids.
Remove ads