Zoosphaerium

Zoosphaerium is a genus of giant pill millipedes endemic to Madagascar. Some species within this genus express island gigantism.^[1] The largest of the known species of giant pill millipede known is Zoosphaerium neptunus,^[2] which is capable of growing to lengths of 90 mm (3.5 in).

Zoosphaerium
A giant pill millipede in the genus Zoosphaerium
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Subphylum:	Myriapoda
Class:	Diplopoda
Order:	Sphaerotheriida
Family:	Arthrosphaeridae
Genus:	Zoosphaerium Pocock, 1895

Distribution and habitat

Zoosphaerium is restricted to the island of Madagascar.^[3] Madagascar is a hotspot for biodiversity and localized endemism, as a result some species occur sympatrically as microendemics.^[4] Species within the genus Zoosphaerium can be found living amongst damp leaf litter in forest and jungle habitats.^[4]

Species list

Below is a list of all 74 known species:^[5]

• Zoosphaerium actaeon (White, 1859)
• Zoosphaerium album Wesener, 2009
• Zoosphaerium alluaudi (De Saussure & Zehntner, 1902)
• Zoosphaerium amabile Wesener, 2009
• Zoosphaerium ambatovaky Wesener & Sagorny, 2021
• Zoosphaerium ambrense Wesener, 2009
• Zoosphaerium analavelona Wesener, 2009
• Zoosphaerium anale (De Saussure & Zehntner, 1897)
• Zoosphaerium anomalum (De Saussure & Zehntner, 1902)
• Zoosphaerium arborealis Wesener & Sierwald, 2005
• Zoosphaerium aureum Wesener, 2009
• Zoosphaerium bambusoides Wesener & Bespalova, 2010
• Zoosphaerium bemanevika Sagorny & Wesener, 2017
• Zoosphaerium bilobum Wesener, 2009
• Zoosphaerium blandum (De Saussure & Zehntner, 1902)
• Zoosphaerium broelemanni Wesener, 2009
• Zoosphaerium campanulatum (De Saussure & Zehntner, 1902)
• Zoosphaerium coquerelianum (De Saussure & Zehntner, 1902)
• Zoosphaerium corystoides Wesener, 2009
• Zoosphaerium crassum (Butler, 1878)
• Zoosphaerium darthvaderi Wesener & Bespalova, 2010
• Zoosphaerium denticulatum Wesener, 2009
• Zoosphaerium discolor Wesener, 2009
• Zoosphaerium elegans (Lenz, 1881)
• Zoosphaerium endemicum Wesener, 2009
• Zoosphaerium fisheri Wesener, 2009
• Zoosphaerium fraternarium Jeekel, 1999
• Zoosphaerium glabrum (Butler, 1873)
• Zoosphaerium haackeri Wesener, 2009
• Zoosphaerium heleios Wesener & Bespalova, 2010
• Zoosphaerium hippocastanum (Gervais, 1847)
• Zoosphaerium ignotum Wesener, 2009
• Zoosphaerium immane (Karsch, 1881)
• Zoosphaerium isalo Wesener, 2009
• Zoosphaerium lambertoni (Brolemann, 1922)
• Zoosphaerium lamprinum (Butler, 1878)
• Zoosphaerium latum (Butler, 1872)
• Zoosphaerium libidinosum (De Saussure & Zehntner, 1897)
• Zoosphaerium masoala Wesener & Sagorny, 2021
• Zoosphaerium micropilligerum Wesener, 2009
• Zoosphaerium minutus Sagorny & Wesener, 2017
• Zoosphaerium mitoho Wesener, 2009
• Zoosphaerium muscorum Wesener & Bespalova, 2010
• Zoosphaerium neptunus (Butler, 1872)
• Zoosphaerium nigrum Wesener & Sagorny, 2021
• Zoosphaerium piligerum (De Saussure & Zehntner, 1897)
• Zoosphaerium platylabum (De Saussure & Zehntner, 1897)
• Zoosphaerium priapus (De Saussure & Zehntner, 1897)
• Zoosphaerium pseudoblandum Wesener, 2009
• Zoosphaerium pseudopiligerum Wesener, 2009
• Zoosphaerium pseudoplatylabum Wesener, 2009
• Zoosphaerium pseudopriapus Wesener, 2009
• Zoosphaerium pulchellum Wesener, 2009
• Zoosphaerium pygidiale (De Saussure & Zehntner, 1902)
• Zoosphaerium reflexum (Brolemann, 1922)
• Zoosphaerium reticulatum (Butler, 1878)
• Zoosphaerium sakanum (Attems, 1910)
• Zoosphaerium silens Wesener & Sagorny, 2021
• Zoosphaerium smaragdinum Wesener, 2009
• Zoosphaerium solitarium Wesener, 2009
• Zoosphaerium spinopiligerum Wesener & Sagorny, 2021
• Zoosphaerium stigmaticum (Butler, 1873)
• Zoosphaerium subreflexum Jeekel, 1999
• Zoosphaerium tainkintana Wesener, 2009
• Zoosphaerium tampolo Wesener, 2009
• Zoosphaerium testaceum (Olivier, 1792)
• Zoosphaerium tigrioculatum Wesener & Bespalova, 2010
• Zoosphaerium trichordum Wesener, 2009
• Zoosphaerium tsingy Wesener, 2009
• Zoosphaerium villosum Wesener & Sierwald, 2005
• Zoosphaerium viridissimum Wesener, 2009
• Zoosphaerium voahangy Wesener & Sagorny, 2021
• Zoosphaerium voeltzkowianum (De Saussure & Zehntner, 1901)
• Zoosphaerium xerophilum Wesener, 2009