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خرس
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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Arabic
Etymology 1.1
Pronunciation
Verb
خَرِسَ • (ḵarisa) I (non-past يَخْرَسُ (yaḵrasu), verbal noun خَرَس (ḵaras))
- to be mute, to be dumb
- to become silent, keep silent, hold one's tongue
Conjugation
Etymology 1.2
Pronunciation
Verb
خَرَسَ • (ḵarasa) I (non-past يَخْرُسُ (yaḵrusu), verbal noun خَرْس (ḵars))
Conjugation
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Khalaj
Noun
خِرس (xirs) (definite accusative خِرسی, plural خِرسلَر)
Declension
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Persian
Etymology
Etymology tree
Inherited from Old Persian *r̥šah, from Proto-Iranian *Hŕ̥šah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hŕ̥ćšas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ŕ̥tḱos. Compare Armenian արջ (arǰ), Avestan 𐬀𐬭𐬴𐬀 (arṣ̌a), Greek άρκτος (árktos), αρκούδα (arkoúda), Latin ursus, French ours, Ossetian арс (ars), Sanskrit ऋक्ष (ṛkṣá), Welsh arth.
The x- in the beginning is debated, but may be an indication that it was borrowed from an Iranian language that preserved reflexes of laryngeals for longer.
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): /ˈxiɾs/
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [xeɹs]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [χiɹs]
Noun
خرس • (xers) (plural خرسها (xers-hâ))
- bear
- c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume V, verse 2006:
- شیر و گرگ و خرس و هر گور و دده، گرد بر گرد تو شب گرد آمده.
- šir o gorg o xers o har gur o dade, gerd bar gerd-e to šab gerd âmade.
- Lions and wolves and bears and onagers and [other] wild animals gather around thee by night.
Inflection
△ Colloquial.
△ Colloquial.
Derived terms
- خرس آفتاب (xers-e âftâbe, “sun bear”)
- خرس تنبل (xers-e tanbal, “sloth bear”)
- خرس خاکستری (xers-e xâkestari, “grizzly bear”)
- خرس سیاه (xers-e siyâh, “black bear”)
- خرس سیاه آسیایی (xers-e siyâh-e âsiyâyi, “Asiatic black bear”)
- خرس سیاه آمریکایی (xers-e siyâh-e âmrikâyi, “American black bear”)
- خرس عینکی (xers-e 'eynaki, “spectacled bear”)
- خرس قطبی (xers-e qotbi, “polar bear”)
- خرس قهوهای (xers-e qahve-'i, “brown bear”)
- خرس پاندا (xers-e pândâ, “panda bear”)
Descendants
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South Levantine Arabic
Etymology
Pronunciation
Verb
خرس • (ḵiris) I (present بخرس (biḵras))
Conjugation
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Urdu
Etymology
From Classical Persian خرس (xirs, “bear”).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /xɪɾs/
Noun
خرس • (xirs) ?
Declension
Derived terms
- خِرْس بازی (xirs-bāzī, “roughhousing”)
References
- “خرس”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
- Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971), “خرس”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
- Platts, John T. (1884), “خرس”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
- “خرس”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.
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