arth

See also: Arth and ārth

Cornish

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₂ŕ̥tḱos

Proto-Celtic *artos

Proto-Brythonic *arθ

Cornish arth

Inherited from Proto-Brythonic *arθ, from Proto-Celtic *artos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ŕ̥tḱos.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /aɹθ/, [ərθ]

Noun

arth m (plural arthes)

1. bear (mammal)

   Synonym: ors

Derived terms

• arth Andes (“spectacled bear”)
• arth diwweder (“spectacled bear”)
• arth du Amerika (“American black bear, black bear”)
• arth du Asi (“Asian black bear”)
• arth gell (“brown bear”)
• arth gweusek (“sloth bear”)
• arth gwynn (“polar bear”)
• arth howl (“sun bear”)
• arth mel (“sun bear”)
• arth panda (“panda bear”)

Welsh

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₂ŕ̥tḱos

Proto-Celtic *artos

Proto-Brythonic *arθ

Welsh arth

From Middle Welsh arth, from Proto-Brythonic *arθ, from Proto-Celtic *artos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ŕ̥tḱos.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /arθ/

Noun

arth m or f by sense (plural eirth)

1. bear

Usage notes

• In the older language and the literary language, arth is masculine or feminine depending on the sex of the bear under consideration. In the modern colloquial language, however, the noun is predominantly feminine, regardless of the sex of the animal. If the sex of the animal is to be specified, the terms arthes (“she-bear”) and arth wryw (“male bear”) are used.

Derived terms

• arth ddu (“black bear”)
• Arth Fach (“Ursa Minor”)
• Arth Fawr (“Ursa Major”)
• arth fraith (“grizzly bear”)
• arth frown (“brown bear”)
• arth wen (“polar bear”)
• crafanc yr arth (“hellebore”)
• troed yr arth (“bear's breeches”)
• (obsolete) yr arthrod (“the Arctic Circle”)

Mutation

Mutated forms of arth

radical	soft	nasal	h-prothesis
arth	unchanged	unchanged	harth

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “arth”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies