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एक
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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Hindi
Etymology
Etymology tree
Inherited from Old Hindi एक (eka), from Apabhramsa एक्क (ekka), from Prakrit 𑀏𑀓𑁆𑀓 (ĕkka), from Sanskrit एक (éka). Reinforced by Sanskrit एक (eka).
Pronunciation
Numeral
एक • (ek) (Urdu spelling ایک) (cardinal)
- one; 1
Adjective
एक • (ek) (indeclinable, Urdu spelling ایک)
Article
एक • (ek) (indeclinable, Urdu spelling ایک)
- indefinite article (used largely to mean "a certain", but can be used more generally to refer to a noun in its first mention in a conversation)
Derived terms
Related terms
- इकट्ठा (ikaṭṭhā)
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Konkani
Etymology
Etymology tree
Inherited from Apabhramsa एक्क (ekka), from Prakrit 𑀏𑀓𑁆𑀓 (ĕkka), from Sanskrit एक (éka).
Numeral
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Maithili
Etymology
Etymology tree
Inherited from Apabhramsa एक्क (ekka), from Prakrit 𑀏𑀓𑁆𑀓 (ĕkka), from Sanskrit एक (éka).
Pronunciation
Numeral
एक • (ek)
Marathi
Etymology
Etymology tree
Inherited from Apabhramsa एक्क (ekka), from Prakrit 𑀏𑀓𑁆𑀓 (ĕkka), from Sanskrit एक (éka).
Pronunciation
Numeral
एक • (ek)
Derived terms
References
- Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983), “एक”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
Nepali
Etymology
Inherited from Apabhramsa एक्क (ekka), from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀏𑀓𑁆𑀓 (ekka), from Sanskrit एक (éka).
Pronunciation
Numeral
एक • (ek)
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Old Hindi
Alternative forms
- इक (ika), हेक (heka)
Etymology
Etymology tree
Inherited from Apabhramsa एक्क (ekka), from Prakrit 𑀏𑀓𑁆𑀓 (ĕkka), from Sanskrit एक (éka).
Numeral
एक (eka)
Descendants
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Pali
Alternative forms
Numeral
एक
- Devanagari script form of eka (“one”)
- c. 500 AD, Kaccāyana, Pālivyākaraṇaṃ [Pali Grammar] (overall work in Pali), page 252; republished as Satish Chandra Acharyya Vidyabhusana, editor, Kaccayana's Pali Grammar (edited in Devanagari character and translated into English), Calcutta, Bengal: Mahabodhi Society, 1901:
- सब्बेसं तिण्णं पठममज्झिमुत्तमपुरिसानं एकाभिधाने परो पुरिसो गहेतब्बो। सो च पठति, ते च पठन्ति, त्वञ्च पठसि तुम्हे च पठथ, अहञ्च पठामि = मयं पठाम; सो पचति, ते च पचन्ति, त्वञ्च पचन्ति, तुम्हे च पठथ, अहञ्च पचआमि = मयं पचाम एवं सेसासु विभत्तीसु परो पुरिसो योजेतब्बो॥
- Sabbesaṃ tiṇṇaṃ paṭhamamajjhimuttamapurisānaṃ ekābhidhāne paro puriso gahetabbo. So ca paṭhati, te ca paṭhanti, tvañca paṭhasi, tumhe ca paṭhatha, ahañca paṭhāmi = mayaṃ paṭhāma; so pacati, te ca pacanti, tvañca pacasi, tumhe ca pacatha, ahañca pacāmi = mayaṃ pacāma. Evaṃ sesāsu vibhattīsu paro puriso yojetabbo.
- With all three, third, second, and first persons, in one expression, the last person is to be taken. He reads, they read, thou readest, you read, and I read = we read; he cooks, they cook, thou cookest, you cook , and I cook = we cook. The last person is to be applied thus for other endings.
Declension
Declension table of "एक" (masculine)
Declension table of "एका" (feminine)
Declension table of "एक" (neuter)
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Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- এক (Assamese script)
- ᬏᬓ (Balinese script)
- এক (Bengali script)
- 𑰊𑰎 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀏𑀓 (Brahmi script)
- ဧက (Burmese script)
- એક (Gujarati script)
- ਏਕ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌏𑌕 (Grantha script)
- ꦌꦏ (Javanese script)
- 𑂉𑂍 (Kaithi script)
- ಏಕ (Kannada script)
- ឯក (Khmer script)
- ເອກ (Lao script)
- ഏക (Malayalam script)
- ᡝᡬᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘊𑘎 (Modi script)
- ᠧᢉᠠ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦪𑦮 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐊𑐎 (Newa script)
- ଏକ (Odia script)
- ꢍꢒ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆍𑆑 (Sharada script)
- 𑖊𑖎 (Siddham script)
- එක (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩐𑩔𑩜 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚆𑚊 (Takri script)
- ஏக (Tamil script)
- ఏక (Telugu script)
- เอก (Thai script)
- ཨེ་ཀ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒋𑒏 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨀𑨄𑨋 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
Etymology tree
From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Háykas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háykas, from Proto-Indo-European *(H)óykos (“one, single”).
Pronunciation
Numeral
एक • (éka)
Adjective
एक • (éka) stem
- (with and without एव (eva)) alone, solitary, single, happening only once, that one only
- the same, one and the same, identical
- one of two or many
- single of its kind, unique, singular, chief, pre-eminent, excellent
- sincere, truthful
- little, small
- (sometimes used as an indefinite article) a, an
- (in the plural) some, certain ones
Declension
- ¹Vedic
- ¹Vedic
- ¹Vedic
Noun
एक • (éka) stem, n
Declension
- ¹Vedic
Derived terms
- ऐक्य (aikya)
Descendants
Due to the indistinctive Middle Indo-Aryan vocable *ea ~ *ia resulting from the natural lenition of एक (eka), it was overwhelmingly replaced by the form *ekka in descendant languages.
- Dardic:
- Kalami: [script needed] (ak), [script needed] (akh)
- Gawar-Bati: یَک (yak)
- Indus Kohistani: [script needed] (ak)
- Kalasha: ek
- Kashmiri:
- Khowar: اِ (i)
- Phalura: آکھ (āk), آ (ā)
- Shina: ایٗک (aík)
- Savi: [script needed] (yak), [script needed] (ek)
- Shumashti: [script needed] (yek)
- Tirahi: [script needed] (īk)
- Torwali: [script needed] (ē), [script needed] (ēk)
- Ushojo: اک (ak)
- Eastern:
- Southern:
- Pali: eka
- Central:
- Northern:
- → Old Javanese: eka
- → Kannada: ಏಕ (ēka)
- → Malay: ايک (eka)
- Indonesian: eka
- → Malayalam: ഏക (ēka), ഏകം (ēkaṁ)
- → Santali: ᱮᱠᱚ (ekô)
- → Telugu: ఏకము (ēkamu)
- → Thai: เอก (èek)
- → Prasuni: [script needed] (ipin)
- → Waigali: [Term?] (ew)
References
- Monier Williams (1899), “एक”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0227/3.
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992), Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 262-3
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