शर्करा

Hindi

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शर्करा

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Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit शर्करा (śárkarā). Doublet of शक्कर (śakkar). Cognate of English sugar.

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /ʃəɾ.kə.ɾɑː/, [ʃɐɾ.kɐ.ɾäː]

Noun

शर्करा • (śarkarā) f (Urdu spelling شرکرا)

1. (formal) sugar (granulated or candied)

   Synonyms: चीनी (cīnī), शक्कर (śakkar)

2. (chemistry) glucose, saccharose

Declension

Declension of शर्करा (fem ā-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	शर्करा śarkarā	शर्कराएँ śarkarāẽ
oblique	शर्करा śarkarā	शर्कराओं śarkarāõ
vocative	शर्करा śarkarā	शर्कराओ śarkarāo

References

• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993), “शर्करा”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press

Marathi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit शर्करा (śarkarā).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɕəɾ.kə.ɾa/

Noun

शर्करा • (śarkarā) f

1. (sciences) sugar

   Synonym: साखर (sākhar)

References

• Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983), “शर्करा”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• শৰ্কৰা (Assamese script)
• ᬰᬃᬓᬭᬵ (Balinese script)
• শর্করা (Bengali script)
• 𑰫𑰨𑰿𑰎𑰨𑰯 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀰𑀭𑁆𑀓𑀭𑀸 (Brahmi script)
• ၐရ်္ကရာ (Burmese script)
• શર્કરા (Gujarati script)
• ਸ਼ਰ੍ਕਰਾ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌶𑌰𑍍𑌕𑌰𑌾 (Grantha script)
• ꦯꦂꦏꦫꦴ (Javanese script)
• 𑂬𑂩𑂹𑂍𑂩𑂰 (Kaithi script)
• ಶರ್ಕರಾ (Kannada script)
• ឝក៌រា (Khmer script)
• ຨຣ຺ກຣາ (Lao script)
• ശര്കരാ (Malayalam script)
• ᡧᠠᡵᡬᠠᡵᠠᢇ (Manchu script)
• 𑘫𑘨𑘿𑘎𑘨𑘰 (Modi script)
• ᠱᠠᠷᢉᠠᠷᠠ᠋᠎ᠠ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧋𑧈𑧠𑦮𑧈𑧑 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐱𑐬𑑂𑐎𑐬𑐵 (Newa script)
• ଶର୍କରା (Odia script)
• ꢯꢬ꣄ꢒꢬꢵ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆯𑆫𑇀𑆑𑆫𑆳 (Sharada script)
• 𑖫𑖨𑖿𑖎𑖨𑖯 (Siddham script)
• ශර්‍කරා (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩿𑩼 𑪙𑩜𑩼𑩛 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚧𑚤𑚶𑚊𑚤𑚭 (Takri script)
• ஶர்கரா (Tamil script)
• శర్కరా (Telugu script)
• ศรฺกรา (Thai script)
• ཤ་རྐ་རཱ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒬𑒩𑓂𑒏𑒩𑒰 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨮𑨫𑩇𑨋𑨫𑨊 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *śárkaraH, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćárkaraH, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱorkeh₂ (“gravel, boulder”). Cognate with Ancient Greek κρόκη (krókē, “pebbles”), whence English crocodile.

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɕɐ́ɾ.kɐ.ɾɑː/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɕɐɾ.kɐ.ɾɑː/

Noun

शर्करा • (śárkarā) stem, f

1. gravel, grit, pebbles, shingle, gravelly mould or soil (mostly plural)
2. gravel (as a disease)
3. hardening of the flesh
4. hardening of the ear-wax
5. ground or candied sugar
6. a fragment or piece of broken earthenware, potsherd
7. cotton sugar, sugarmaple

Declension

Feminine ā-stem declension of शर्करा

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	शर्करा (śárkarā)	शर्करे (śárkare)	शर्कराः (śárkarāḥ)
accusative	शर्कराम् (śárkarām)	शर्करे (śárkare)	शर्कराः (śárkarāḥ)
instrumental	शर्करया (śárkarayā) शर्करा¹ (śárkarā¹)	शर्कराभ्याम् (śárkarābhyām)	शर्कराभिः (śárkarābhiḥ)
dative	शर्करायै (śárkarāyai)	शर्कराभ्याम् (śárkarābhyām)	शर्कराभ्यः (śárkarābhyaḥ)
ablative	शर्करायाः (śárkarāyāḥ) शर्करायै² (śárkarāyai²)	शर्कराभ्याम् (śárkarābhyām)	शर्कराभ्यः (śárkarābhyaḥ)
genitive	शर्करायाः (śárkarāyāḥ) शर्करायै² (śárkarāyai²)	शर्करयोः (śárkarayoḥ)	शर्कराणाम् (śárkarāṇām)
locative	शर्करायाम् (śárkarāyām)	शर्करयोः (śárkarayoḥ)	शर्करासु (śárkarāsu)
vocative	शर्करे (śárkare)	शर्करे (śárkare)	शर्कराः (śárkarāḥ)

• ¹Vedic
• ²Brāhmaṇas

Borrowed terms

• → Bengali: শর্করা (śorkora)
• → Gujarati: શર્કરા (śarkarā)
• → Hindi: शर्करा (śarkarā)
• → Kannada: ಸಕ್ಕರೆ (sakkare), ಶರ್ಕರೆ (śarkare)
• → Malayalam: ശർക്കര (śaṟkkara), ചക്കര (cakkara)
  • → Portuguese: jágara, jacre, jagra, jagre, xágara
    • → English: jaggery, jaggary, jagghery, jaggory, jaggry, jagra
      • → French: jagré
      • → Japanese: ジャガリー (jagarī), ジャッガリー (jaggarī)
      • → Scottish Gaelic: seagaraidh
• → Old Javanese: sarkara
  • Javanese: ꦱꦂꦏꦫ (sarkara)
• → Tamil: சர்க்கரை (carkkarai), சக்கரை (cakkarai) — chiefly Spoken Tamil
• → Telugu: చక్కెర (cakkera)
• → Nihali: सक्रय

Descendants

• Gandhari: 𐨭𐨐𐨪 (śakara) (see there for further descendants)
• Prakrit: 𑀲𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀭𑀸 (sakkarā) (see there for further descendants)
• Pali: sakkharā (see there for further descendants)