艱苦人

Chinese

		arduous; laborious; difficult arduous; laborious; difficult; hard	man; person; people
trad. (艱苦人)		艱苦	人
simp. (艰苦人)		艰苦	人
alternative forms		艱苦儂／艰苦侬

Pronunciation

• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kan-khó͘-lâng

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• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kan-khó͘-lâng
    • Tâi-lô: kan-khóo-lâng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kanqoflaang
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kan³³ kʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ laŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kan⁴⁴⁻²² kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ laŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kan⁴⁴⁻²² kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ laŋ¹³/

Noun

艱苦人

1. (Southern Min) poor person; poor people; the poor

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 窮人 (“poor person”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		窮人, 貧民
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	窮人, 窮鬼, 窮光蛋
	Harbin	窮光蛋
	Singapore	窮人
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	窮人, 窮光蛋, 窮棒棒子
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	窮人, 窮光蛋, 溜光蛋, 溜光蛋兒
	Wanrong	窮骨頭
	Xi'an	窮人, 窮漢, 窮光蛋
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	窮骨頭
	Liuzhou	窮鬼
Cantonese	Guangzhou	窮人, 窮鬼
	Hong Kong	窮人, 窮鬼
Gan	Nanchang	窮人
	Lichuan	窮搭仔
Hakka	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	窮苦人
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	窮苦人
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	窮苦人
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	窮苦人
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	窮苦人
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	散人
Jin	Taiyuan	窮人
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	窮儂
Southern Min	Xiamen	艱苦儂, 宋凶儂, 赤囝
	Quanzhou	艱苦儂, 赤囝
	Zhangzhou	艱苦儂, 散仔, 阿散仔, 赤囝
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	散凶儂
	Kaohsiung	散凶儂, 散食儂
	Yilan	散凶儂, 散赤儂
	Taichung	散赤儂
	Tainan	散凶儂, 散赤儂, 散鬼
	Hsinchu	散赤儂
	Kinmen	散赤儂
	Penghu (Magong)	散赤儂, 艱苦儂, 歹命儂
	Jieyang	磽囝, 磽囝儂
	Leizhou	窮儂, 窮鬼
	Haikou	窮儂
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	窮佬, 窮人, 窮鬼
Wu	Danyang	窮人, 窮光蛋, 窮塌皮
	Hangzhou	窮哥哥兒, 窮鬼
Xiang	Changsha	窮人子

Antonyms

edit

• 土豪 (tǔháo) (neologism, humorous)
• 大亨 (dàhēng)
• 好額人 / 好额人 (Hokkien)
• 富人 (fùrén)
• 富翁 (fùwēng)
• 有錢人 / 有钱人 (yǒuqiánrén)
• 有錢佬 / 有钱佬 (jau⁵ cin^4-2 lou²) (Cantonese)
• 有鐳人 / 有镭人 (Hokkien)
• 財主 / 财主 (cáizhu)
• 闊佬 / 阔佬 (kuòlǎo) (colloquial)