草書

See also: 草书

Chinese

		grass; straw; draft (of a document) grass; straw; draft (of a document); careless; rough; manuscript; hasty	book; letter
trad. (草書)		草	書
simp. (草书)		草	书
Literally: “draft script”.

Wikipedia has articles on:

• Chō̤-cṳ̆ (Eastern Min)
• 草書 (Classical)
• 草書 (Cantonese)
• 草書 (Written Standard Chinese^?)

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): cǎoshū

  (Zhuyin): ㄘㄠˇ ㄕㄨ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): cou² syu¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhó-sû
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhó-chir / chhó-su / chhó-si / chháu-su
• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵tshau-sy₁

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: cǎoshū
    • Zhuyin: ㄘㄠˇ ㄕㄨ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cǎoshu
    • Wade–Giles: tsʻao³-shu¹
    • Yale: tsǎu-shū
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsaoshu
    • Palladius: цаошу (caošu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂu⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: cou² syu¹
    • Yale: chóu syū
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsou² sy¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: cou² xu¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰou̯³⁵ syː⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhó-sû
    • Hakka Romanization System: co^ˋ su^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: co³ su¹
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰo³¹ su²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhó-chir
    • Tâi-lô: tshó-tsir
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰo⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɯ³³/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhó-su
    • Tâi-lô: tshó-su
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zhoysw
    • IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /t͡sʰo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ su⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ su⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhó-si
    • Tâi-lô: tshó-si
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zhoysy
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ si⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Penang)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chháu-su
    • Tâi-lô: tsháu-su
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zhawsw
    • IPA (Penang): /t͡sʰau⁴⁴⁵⁻⁴⁴ su³³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵tshau-sy₁
    • MiniDict: tshau^去 sy^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²tshau-sr₁
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sʰɔ³³ sz̩⁴⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: tshawX syo

Rime
Character	草	書
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	清 (14)	書 (26)
Final (韻)	豪 (89)	魚 (22)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	采老切	傷魚切
Baxter	tshawX	syo
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sʰɑuX/	/ɕɨʌ/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sʰɑuX/	/ɕiɔ/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sʰɑuX/	/ɕiɔ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sʰawX/	/ɕɨə̆/
Li Rong	/t͡sʰɑuX/	/ɕiɔ/
Wang Li	/t͡sʰɑuX/	/ɕĭo/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡sʰɑuX/	/ɕi̯wo/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	cǎo	shū
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cou2	syu1

Noun

草書

1. cursive script
   1. (calligraphy) a Chinese calligraphic style
   2. (by extension) cursive handwriting

Usage notes

Sometimes translated as grass script, mistaking the character 草 (cǎo) as meaning grass, when in fact it refers to writing which is careless; sloppy; hasty, for example the meaning implied in the compound words 潦草 (liáocǎo) and 草率 (cǎoshuài).

Synonyms

edit

• 草字 (cǎozì)
• 草寫 / 草写 (cǎoxiě)
• 草寫體 / 草写体 (cǎoxiětǐ)
• 草體 / 草体 (cǎotǐ)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (草書):

• → Japanese: 草書(そうしょ) (sōsho)
• → Korean: 초서(草書) (choseo)
• → Vietnamese: thảo thư (草書)

See also

• 楷書／楷书 (kǎishū)
• 行書／行书 (xíngshū)
• 雞腸／鸡肠 (jīcháng)

References

• Tones of the Mandarin Dialect are Given in English and Chinese(【英語官話合講】)·字母 Origin of English grass script