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바르다

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Korean

Pronunciation

More information Romanizations, Revised Romanization? ...

Etymology 1

First attested as Middle Korean ᄇᆞᄅᆞ다〮 (pòlòtá) in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 6:10b, 1447.

Compare dialectal forms 보리다 (borida), 볼라다 (bollada).

Verb

바르다 • (bareuda) (infinitive 발라, sequential 바르니)

  1. (…을 …에, …을 …으로) to hang paper; to stick paper, cloth or the like with adhesive to a surface
    벽지를 벽에 바르다
    byeokji-reul byeog-e bareuda
    to stick wallpaper on a wall
    한지를 바른 유리창
    hanji-reul bareun yurichang
    a windowpane papered (over) with hanji (traditional Korean paper)
    아이들 방을 예쁜 벽지로 발랐다.
    Ai-deul bang-eul yeppeun byeokji-ro ballatda.
    I papered the children's room with pretty wallpaper.
  2. (…을 …에, …을 …으로) to cover, plaster, cement; to attach to the surface of an object dirt, plaster or some other such substance
    흙을 벽에 바르다
    heulg-eul byeog-e bareuda
    to plaster the wall with dirt
    벽의 구멍을 흙으로 발랐다.
    Byeog-ui gumeong-eul heulg-euro ballatda.
    I plastered the hole in the wall with dirt.
  3. (…에 …을) to apply, spread, rub, put on; to rub water, paste, medicine, cosmetics, etc. onto a surface
    상처에 약을 바르다
    sangcheo-e yag-eul bareuda
    to paint a wound
    얼굴에 분을 바르다
    eolgur-e bun-eul bareuda
    to powder one's face
    입술에 립스틱을 바르다
    ipsur-e ripseutig-eul bareuda
    to rouge one's lips
    도자기에 유약을 바르다
    dojagi-e yuyag-eul bareuda
    to glaze ceramics
    밤참으로 식빵에 버터를 발라 먹었다.
    Bamcham-euro sikppang-e beoteo-reul balla meogeotda.
    I had some buttered bread for a midnight snack.
    머리에 기름을 발랐다.
    Meori-e gireum-eul ballatda.
    I greased my hair.
Conjugation
    Selected forms of the verb 바르다 (bareuda): vowel-stem, 르(reu)-irregular
More information Sentence-final forms, Formal non-polite (해라체) ...
More information Sentence-final forms with honorific, Formal non-polite (해라체) ...
Synonyms
Derived terms
  • (North Korea) 개바르다 (gaebareuda)
  • (North Korea) 게바르다 (gebareuda)
  • 덧바르다 (deotbareuda)
  • 뒤바르다 (dwibareuda)
  • 재장바르다 (jaejangbareuda)
  • (South Korea) 쥐어바르다 (jwieobareuda)
  • (North Korea) 쥐여바르다 (jwiyeobareuda)
  • 처바르다 (cheobareuda)

Adjective

바르다 • (bareuda) (infinitive 발라, sequential 바르니)

  1. (obsolete) to be hardened; to be solidified
  2. (obsolete) to become stiff
Conjugation
    Selected forms of the adjective 바르다 (bareuda): vowel-stem, 르(reu)-irregular
More information Sentence-final forms, Formal non-polite (해라체) ...


More information Sentence-final forms with honorific, Plain (해라체) ...
Derived terms
  • 꼼바르다 (kkombareuda, “to be narrow-minded and overly stingy”)
  • 꾀바르다 (kkoebareuda, “to have plenty of tricks to avoid or deal with difficult or embarrassing situations”)
  • 돈바르다 (donbareuda, “not generous in temper; fastidious”)
  • 돔바르다 (dombareuda, “to be very stingy”)
  • 맛바르다 (matbareuda, “a situation in which all the delicious food is gone and the amount is not enough”)
  • (North Korea) 새암바르다 (saeambareuda, “to be very jealous”)
  • (South Korea) 샘바르다 (saembareuda, “to be very jealous”)
  • 싸바르다 (ssabareuda, “to seal off the outside of the opponent's stone in baduk”)
  • (North Korea) 쌈바르다 (ssambareuda, “quick-witted”)
  • 악지바르다 (akjibareuda)
  • (South Korea) 애바르다 (aebareuda, “to rush for profit”)
  • (North Korea) 애바르다 (aebareuda, “to the extent that one cares too much about others”)
  • (North Korea) 익살바르다 (iksalbareuda)
  • 입바르다 (ipbareuda)
  • 재재바르다 (jaejaebareuda)
  • 적바르다 (jeokbareuda, “a condition of barely reaching a certain limit and hence in an unaffordable condition”)

Etymology 2

First attested in the Bullyu dugongbu si eonhae (分類杜工部詩諺解 / 분류두공부시언해), 1481, as Middle Korean ᄇᆞ리다 (Yale: polita).

1461, 《두시언해》 10:40
치위 ᄉᆞᆯᄒᆞᆯ ᄇᆞ리ᄂᆞᆫ ᄃᆞᆺᄒᆞᆫ 北녁 ᄇᆞᄅᆞ미 ᄂᆞᆯ캅도다

Compare dialectal form 볼그다 (bolgeuda).

Verb

바르다 • (bareuda) (infinitive 발라, sequential 바르니)

  1. (…을) to peel, flay; to remove the skin, shell, or outer layer of something to get to what is inside
    밤을 바르다
    bam-eul bareuda
    to crack a chestnut
    씨를 바르다
    ssi-reul bareuda
    to remove a seed
  2. (…을) to bone, debone; to remove the meat attached to the bone; to remove fishbones
    생선을 발라 먹다
    saengseon-eul balla meokda
    to eat fish after deboning it
    생선 가시를 발라서 버리다
    saengseon gasi-reul ballaseo beorida
    to throw away a fishbone, after deboning a fish
Conjugation
    Selected forms of the verb 바르다 (bareuda): vowel-stem, 르(reu)-irregular
More information Sentence-final forms, Formal non-polite (해라체) ...
More information Sentence-final forms with honorific, Formal non-polite (해라체) ...
Alternative forms
  • 발그다 (balgeuda) (North Korea)
Derived terms
  • (dialectal) 불바르다 (bulbareuda)
See also

Etymology 3

First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 바ᄅᆞ다 (Yale: palota).

1459, 《월인석보》 서:18ㄱ
直ᄋᆞᆫ 바ᄅᆞᆯ 씨라

Also attested in the Neung'eomgyeong eonhae (楞嚴經諺解 / 능엄경언해), 1461, as Middle Korean 바ᄅᆞ다 (Yale: palota).

1481, 《능엄경언해》 9:62ㄴ
街ᄂᆞᆫ 바ᄅᆞᆫ 길히오 巷은 구븐 길히라

Adjective

바르다 • (bareuda) (infinitive 발라, sequential 바르니)

  1. to be straight, upright, erect; without bends or curvature
    길이 바르다.
    gir-i bareuda.
    The road is straight.
    줄을 바르게 서다
    jur-eul bareuge seoda
    to line up straight
    선을 바르게 긋다
    seon-eul bareuge geutda
    to draw a straight line
    옷매무새를 바르게 하다
    onmaemusae-reul bareuge hada
    to adjust one's dress to become straight (without creases)
    의자에 바르게 앉아라
    uija-e bareuge anjara
    to sit in a chair straight
    장롱에 이불을 바르게 개 넣어라.
    jangnong-e ibur-eul bareuge gae neo'eora.
    to fold and put the bed erect in the wardrobe.
  2. to be right; to comply with the social norm in one's words or behavior
    예의가 바르다
    yeui-ga bareuda
    to be polite
    생각이 바른 사람
    saenggag-i bareun saram
    a person with right thinking
    마음가짐이 바르다.
    ma'eumgajim-i bareuda.
    His mental attitude is right.
    행실이 바르다.
    haengsir-i bareuda.
    His behavior is right.
    그는 몸가짐을 늘 바르게 한다.
    geu-neun momgajim-eul neul bareuge handa.
    He always behaves properly.
    그는 회사에서 가장 인사성이 바른 사람이다.
    geu-neun hoesa-eseo gajang insaseong-i bareun saram-ida.
    He is the most polite person in the company.
  3. to be right, correct, honest, frank; to be consistent with the facts
    역사를 바르게 이해하다.
    yeoksa-reul bareuge ihaehada.
    to understand history correctly
    숨기지 말고 바르게 대답하시오.
    sumgiji malgo bareuge daedaphasio.
    Don't hide (the truth), answer honestly.
  4. right (direction)
    바른손 (bareunson, “right hand”)
    바른손잡이 (bareunsonjabi, “right hander”)
  5. to be sunshiny; to be sunny or bright
    기르던 잉꼬가 죽자 아이들은 양지가 바른 곳에 묻어 주었다.
    gireudeon ingkko-ga jukja ai-deur-eun yangji-ga bareun gos-e mudeo jueotda.
    When the parakeet died, the children buried it in a sunny place.
    (South Korea) 양지바르다 ― yangjibareuda ― sunny, be full of sunshine
    (North Korea) 해바르다 ― haebareuda ― sunny, be full of sunshine
    볕바르다 (byeotbareuda)
    (dialectal) 벳바르다 (betbareuda)
    (dialectal) 양기바르다 (yanggibareuda)
Conjugation
    Selected forms of the adjective 바르다 (bareuda): vowel-stem, 르(reu)-irregular
More information Sentence-final forms, Formal non-polite (해라체) ...


More information Sentence-final forms with honorific, Plain (해라체) ...
Synonyms
Antonyms
  • (antonym(s) of “wrong”): 틀리다 (teullida) 그르다 (geureuda)거짓되다 (geojitdoeda)
  • (antonym(s) of “not straight”): 굽다 (gupda)
Derived terms
  • 겉바르다 (geotbareuda)
  • (North Korea) 격식바르다 (gyeoksikbareuda)
  • (South Korea) 곧바르다 (gotbareuda)
  • 귀바르다 (gwibareuda)
  • (North Korea) 대바르다 (daebareuda)
  • 똑바르다 (ttokbareuda)
  • 면바르다 (myeonbareuda)
  • 아금바르다 (ageumbareuda)
  • 엇바르다 (eotbareuda)
  • 예바르다 (yebareuda)
  • 올바르다 (olbareuda)
  • 정바르다 (jeongbareuda)
  • (dialectal) 졸바르다 (jolbareuda)
  • (North Korea) 직바르다 (jikbareuda)
  • (dialectal) 쪽바르다 (jjokbareuda)
  • (North Korea) 통바르다 (tongbareuda)

Etymology 4

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

바르다 • (bareuda) (infinitive 발라, sequential 바르니)

  1. (figurative) (…을) to overwhelm an opponent completely; to overpower or defeat an opponent
    난 그를 완전히 발랐어.
    nan geu-reul wanjeonhi ballasseo.
    I totally defeated him.
    우린 저 팀에 완전히 발렸어.
    urin jeo tim-e wanjeonhi ballyeosseo.
    We totally got decimated by that team.
    A: 야, 너랑 쟤랑 싸우면 누가 이겨?
    B: 아~ 내가 그냥 바르지~
    A: ya, neorang jaerang ssaumyeon nuga igyeo?
    B: a~ naega geunyang bareuji~
    A: Hey, can you beat him?
    B: Yeah, for sure.
Usage notes

Derived from sense in etymology 2.

Conjugation
    Selected forms of the verb 바르다 (bareuda): vowel-stem, 르(reu)-irregular
More information Sentence-final forms, Formal non-polite (해라체) ...
More information Sentence-final forms with honorific, Formal non-polite (해라체) ...
Synonyms

Etymology 5

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Adjective

바르다 • (bareuda) (infinitive 발라, sequential 바르니)

  1. (North Korea) uncommon, insufficient; rarely encountered
Usage notes

Perhaps cognate to etymology 1,2 and 맛바르다 (matbareuda), 적바르다 (jeokbareuda) in etymology 5.

Conjugation
    Selected forms of the adjective 바르다 (bareuda): vowel-stem, 르(reu)-irregular
More information Sentence-final forms, Formal non-polite (해라체) ...


More information Sentence-final forms with honorific, Plain (해라체) ...
Antonyms
More information A user suggests that this Korean entry be cleaned up, giving the reason: “why is there a quote in an Antonyms section?”. ...
  1. 걸다 (geolda)
    1992, “두만강 (Duman'gang) [Tumen River]”, in 조선말대사전 [Joseonmaldaesajeon, Dictionary of Korean language]:
    해에 걸어 검붉은 그 얼굴에는 로력과 창조의 기쁨이 흘렀다.
    Hae-e georeo geombulgeun geu eolgur-e-neun roryeok-gwa changjo-ui gippeum-i heulleotda.
    The face, bronzed by the hot sun, was flowing with joy of effort and creation.

Etymology 6

A soft word for 빠르다 (ppareuda).

Adjective

바르다 • (bareuda) (infinitive 발라, sequential 바르니)

  1. fast, takes a short amount of time to do something
  2. ahead of the baseline or comparison in a chronological order
Conjugation
    Selected forms of the adjective 바르다 (bareuda): vowel-stem, 르(reu)-irregular
More information Sentence-final forms, Formal non-polite (해라체) ...


More information Sentence-final forms with honorific, Plain (해라체) ...
Derived terms
More information A user suggests that this Korean entry be cleaned up, giving the reason: “why is there a quote in a Derived terms section?”. ...
  • 재바르다 ― jaebareuda ― to be quick in action
  • (North Korea) 재바르다 ― jaebareuda ― in short supply, poor condition
    1992, “두만강 (Duman'gang) [Tumen River]”, in 조선말대사전 [Joseonmaldaesajeon, Dictionary of Korean language]:
    재바른 살림살이에서 벗어나지 못하다.
    Jaebareun sallimsari-eseo beoseonaji mothada.
    to be unable to escape from the scanty livelihood
  • (dialectal) 역바르다 (yeokbareuda)
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