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-이다
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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See also: 이다
Korean
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ida̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [이다]
Etymology 1
From Middle Korean -이〮라〮 (-í-lá), from Old Korean 是 (*i-). For the dialectal politeness particle use, compare -요 (-yo), Jeolla Korean -이라우 (-irau), both of which come from the copula.
Particle
-이다 • (-ida) (infinitive -야 or -이야, sequential -이니)
- to be; the Korean copula.
- Antonym: 아니다 (anida)
- 사람은 동물이다. ― Saram-eun dongmur-ida. ― Humans are animals.
- 이 나무는 큰 편이다. ― I namu-neun keun pyeon-ida. ― This tree is on the big side.
- 전쟁은 바람직하지 않은 일이다. ― Jeonjaeng-eun baramjikha-ji an-eun ir-ida. ― War is undesirable business.
- 악마도 한때 천사였다. ― Angma-do hanttae cheonsa-yeotda. ― The Devil was too once an angel.
Usage notes
- The declarative ending -다 (-da) changes to -라 (-ra) in some environments; see -라 (-ra) for details.
- In the informal polite form, 해요체 (haeyoche), after vowels -이다 (-ida) is often pronounced as -에요 (-eyo) instead of -예요 (-yeyo) in many environments.
- -이다 (-ida) is the Korean positive copula. Along with its negative, 아니다 (anida), it is sometimes categorized as an adjective, but more often placed in their own grammatical category distinct from both verbs and adjectives. Some grammars classify -이다 (-ida) as a particle and, like a particle, it is appended to the preceding word without an intervening space.
- For the existential meaning of "be", see 있다 (itda).
Conjugation
- The chart below is for consonant-final nouns.
- After a vowel-final noun, the initial vowel -이- (-i-) is deleted when followed by a syllable beginning with a single consonant (-야 (-ya) included), except in quite formal language:
- It is not normally deleted when followed by a consonant cluster, except in quite colloquial language:
- It is not deleted when used as a noun or adnominal.
Particle
-이다 • (-ida)
- (eastern Jeolla dialect, southwestern Gyeongsang) A particle attached to intimate-, plain-, and semiformal-style verbs and adjectives to add a greater level of politeness.
Alternative forms
Etymology 2
From Middle Korean -이다 (-i-ta).
Suffix
-이다 • (-ida)
- Attached to certain ideophonic roots to derive verbs without frequentative effect.
See also
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