-cus

See also: Appendix:Variations of "cus"

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *-kos, from Proto-Indo-European *-kos. Cognate with Ancient Greek -κός (-kós), Proto-Germanic *-gaz, Sanskrit -शस (-śasa) and Proto-Slavic *-kъ.

PIE *-ko- on noun stems carried the meaning 'characteristic of, like, typical, pertaining to', and on adjectival stems it acted emphatically.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [kʊs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [kus]

Suffix

-cus (feminine -ca, neuter -cum); first/second-declension suffix

1. suffixed to nouns, forms adjectives

   iuvenis + -cus → iuvencus

   Mārs + -cus → Mār(t)cus

   ravis + -cus → raucus

This suffix survives in inherited forms and became productive through its derivations (cf. infra) by metanalysis.

Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

	singular				plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	-cus	-ca	-cum		-cī	-cae	-ca
genitive	-cī	-cae	-cī		-cōrum	-cārum	-cōrum
dative	-cō	-cae	-cō		-cīs
accusative	-cum	-cam	-cum		-cōs	-cās	-ca
ablative	-cō	-cā	-cō		-cīs
vocative	-ce	-ca	-cum		-cī	-cae	-ca

Derived terms

• -icus
  • -ticus
    • -āticus
• -īcus
  • -īcius

Latin terms suffixed with -cus

amnicus

apricus

Aquitanicus

classicus

hiulcus

Iliacus

iuvencus

Marcus

petulcus

priscus

raucus

References

• “-cus” on page 478/2 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (1st ed., 1968–82)