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acerbus

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

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Latin

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Italic *akriðos; equivalent to ācer (sharp) + -idus.

Pronunciation

Adjective

acerbus (feminine acerba, neuter acerbum, comparative acerbior, superlative acerbissimus, adverb acerbē); first/second-declension adjective

  1. (of taste) harsh, bitter, unripe, sour, premature, not yet marriageable
    Synonyms: asper, ācer, frāctus
  2. sharp, severe, bitter (i.e., extremely painful)
    frīgus acerbumthe bitter cold
  3. (of a person) rough, violent, severe, grievous, bitter
    Synonyms: trux, ferōx, atrōx, violēns, immānis, efferus, ferus, crūdēlis, barbaricus, silvāticus, ācer, sevērus
    Antonyms: mītis, tranquillus, misericors, placidus, quietus, clemens
  4. oppressive, distressing, sad

Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Catalan: acerb
  • Dalmatian: garb
  • English: acerb, acerbic
  • Esperanto: acerba
  • French: acerbe
  • Friulian: garp
  • Galician: acerbo
  • Italian: acerbo
  • Portuguese: acerbo
  • Romanian: acerb
  • Sardinian: acherbu, acerbu, chervu
  • Spanish: acerbo

References

  • acerbus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • acerbus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • acerbus”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
    • to cause any one very acute pain: acerbum dolorem alicui inurere
    • (ambiguous) he has had many painful experiences: multa acerba expertus est
    • (ambiguous) to demand payment: pecuniam exigere (acerbe)
    • (ambiguous) to exact the taxes (with severity): vectigalia exigere (acerbe)
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