cosc

Irish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kɔsˠk/

Etymology 1

From Old Irish cosc, from Proto-Celtic *komskʷom. Cognate with Welsh cosb (“punishment; restraint”).

Noun

cosc m (genitive singular coisc, as verbal noun coiscthe)

1. verbal noun of coisc
2. check, restraint; prevention, prohibition

Declension

(as regular noun):

Declension of cosc (first declension, no plural)

bare forms singular nominative cosc vocative a choisc genitive coisc dative cosc forms with the definite article singular nominative an cosc genitive an choisc dative leis an gcosc don chosc

(as verbal noun):

Declension of cosc (irregular, no plural)

bare forms singular nominative cosc vocative a chosc genitive coiscthe dative cosc forms with the definite article singular nominative an cosc genitive an choiscthe dative leis an gcosc don chosc

Alternative forms

• coscadh m

Derived terms

• gan chosc (“unchecked, unrestrained”)
• gan chosc gan cheangal (“without let or hindrance”)

Etymology 2

Verb

cosc (present analytic coscann, future analytic coscfaidh, verbal noun cosc, past participle cosctha)

1. alternative form of coisc (“check, prevent”)

Conjugation

Conjugation of cosc (first conjugation – A)

verbal noun	cosc
past participle	cosctha
tense	singular			plural			relative	autonomous
	first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative
present	coscaim	coscann tú; coscair†	coscann sé, sí	coscaimid	coscann sibh	coscann siad; coscaid†	a choscann; a choscas / a gcoscann*	cosctar
past	chosc mé; choscas	chosc tú; choscais	chosc sé, sí	choscamar; chosc muid	chosc sibh; choscabhair	chosc siad; choscadar	a chosc / ar chosc*	coscadh
past habitual	choscainn / gcoscainn‡‡	chosctá / gcosctᇇ	choscadh sé, sí / gcoscadh sé, s퇇	choscaimis; choscadh muid / gcoscaimis‡‡; gcoscadh muid‡‡	choscadh sibh / gcoscadh sibh‡‡	choscaidís; choscadh siad / gcoscaidís‡‡; gcoscadh siad‡‡	a choscadh / a gcoscadh*	chosctaí / gcoscta퇇
future	coscfaidh mé; coscfad	coscfaidh tú; coscfair†	coscfaidh sé, sí	coscfaimid; coscfaidh muid	coscfaidh sibh	coscfaidh siad; coscfaid†	a choscfaidh; a choscfas / a gcoscfaidh*	coscfar
conditional	choscfainn / gcoscfainn‡‡	choscfá / gcoscfᇇ	choscfadh sé, sí / gcoscfadh sé, s퇇	choscfaimis; choscfadh muid / gcoscfaimis‡‡; gcoscfadh muid‡‡	choscfadh sibh / gcoscfadh sibh‡‡	choscfaidís; choscfadh siad / gcoscfaidís‡‡; gcoscfadh siad‡‡	a choscfadh / a gcoscfadh*	choscfaí / gcoscfa퇇
subjunctive
present	go gcosca mé; go gcoscad†	go gcosca tú; go gcoscair†	go gcosca sé, sí	go gcoscaimid; go gcosca muid	go gcosca sibh	go gcosca siad; go gcoscaid†	—	go gcosctar
past	dá gcoscainn	dá gcosctá	dá gcoscadh sé, sí	dá gcoscaimis; dá gcoscadh muid	dá gcoscadh sibh	dá gcoscaidís; dá gcoscadh siad	—	dá gcosctaí
imperative
–	coscaim	cosc	coscadh sé, sí	coscaimis	coscaigí; coscaidh†	coscaidís	—	cosctar

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Mutation

Mutated forms of cosc

radical	lenition	eclipsis
cosc	chosc	gcosc

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “cosc”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

Old Irish

Alternative forms

• coscc

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *komskʷom. Cognate with Welsh cosb.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkosk/

Noun

cosc n (genitive coisc)

1. verbal noun of con·secha (“to correct”)
   • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 22^c10

     Is bés trá dosom aní-siu cosc inna mban i tossug et a tabairt fo chumacte a feir, armbat irlamu de ind ḟir fo chumacte Dǽi, co·mbí íarum coscitir ind ḟir et do·airbertar fo réir Dǽ.

     This, then, is a custom of his, to correct the wives at first and to bring them under the power of their husbands, so that the husbands may be the readier under God’s power, so that afterwards the husbands are corrected and bowed down in subjection to God.

2. wound caused by (physical) punishment

Inflection

Neuter o-stem

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	coscN	—	—
vocative	coscN	—	—
accusative	coscN	—	—
genitive	coiscL	—	—
dative	coscL	—	—

Initial mutations of a following adjective:

• ^H = triggers aspiration
• ^L = triggers lenition
• ^N = triggers nasalization

Mutation

Mutation of cosc

radical	lenition	nasalization
cosc	chosc	cosc pronounced with /ɡ-/

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “cosc”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language