dirgrynu

Welsh

Etymology

dir- (“extreme”) +‎ crynu (“to tremble”).

Pronunciation

• (North Wales) IPA^(key): /dɪrˈɡrənɨ/
• (South Wales) IPA^(key): /dɪrˈɡrəni/
• Rhymes: -ənɨ

Verb

dirgrynu (first-person singular present dirgrynaf) (ambitransitive)

1. to quake, to tremble violently

   Synonym: ysgwyd

2. to shudder, to vibrate

   Synonym: ergrynu

3. to convulse

   Synonym: dirddynu

Conjugation

Conjugation of dirgrynu (literary)

	singular			plural			impersonal
	first	second	third	first	second	third
present indicative/future	dirgrynaf	dirgryni	dirgrŷn, dirgryna	dirgrynwn	dirgrynwch	dirgrynant	dirgrynir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional	dirgrynwn	dirgrynit	dirgrynai	dirgrynem	dirgrynech	dirgrynent	dirgrynid
preterite	dirgrynais	dirgrynaist	dirgrynodd	dirgrynasom	dirgrynasoch	dirgrynasant	dirgrynwyd
pluperfect	dirgrynaswn	dirgrynasit	dirgrynasai	dirgrynasem	dirgrynasech	dirgrynasent	dirgrynasid, dirgrynesid
present subjunctive	dirgrynwyf	dirgrynych	dirgryno	dirgrynom	dirgrynoch	dirgrynont	dirgryner
imperative	—	dirgryna	dirgryned	dirgrynwn	dirgrynwch	dirgrynent	dirgryner
verbal noun	dirgrynu
verbal adjectives	dirgrynedig dirgrynadwy

Conjugation of dirgrynu (colloquial)

inflected colloquial forms	singular			plural
	first	second	third	first	second	third
future	dirgryna i, dirgrynaf i	dirgryni di	dirgrynith o/e/hi, dirgryniff e/hi	dirgrynwn ni	dirgrynwch chi	dirgrynan nhw
conditional	dirgrynwn i, dirgrynswn i	dirgrynet ti, dirgrynset ti	dirgrynai fo/fe/hi, dirgrynsai fo/fe/hi	dirgrynen ni, dirgrynsen ni	dirgrynech chi, dirgrynsech chi	dirgrynen nhw, dirgrynsen nhw
preterite	dirgrynais i, dirgrynes i	dirgrynaist ti, dirgrynest ti	dirgrynodd o/e/hi	dirgrynon ni	dirgrynoch chi	dirgrynon nhw
imperative	—	dirgryna	—	—	dirgrynwch	—

Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Mutation

Mutated forms of dirgrynu

radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
dirgrynu	ddirgrynu	nirgrynu	unchanged

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “dirgrynu”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies