diurnal

See also: diürnal

English

WOTD – 2 December 2008

Etymology

From Latin diurnālis, from diēs (“day”). Doublet of journal.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /daɪˈɜːnəl/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /daɪˈɝ.nəl/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Audio (General Australian):

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• Rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)nəl

Adjective

diurnal (comparative more diurnal, superlative most diurnal)

1. Happening or occurring during daylight, or primarily active during that time.

   Most birds are diurnal.

   • 1972, Laurence Monroe Klauber, Rattlesnakes: Their Habits, Life Histories, and Influence on Mankind, Volume 1‎:

     However, in general, lizards are more diurnal than rattlers, which may be one of the reasons why young rattlers are more diurnal than adults.

   • c. 1604–1605 (date written), William Shakespeare, “All’s Well, that Ends Well”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene v]:

     Ere twice the horses of the sun shall bring / Their fiery torcher his diurnal ring.

2. (botany) Said of a flower that is open, or releasing its perfume during daylight hours, but not at night.
3. Having a daily cycle that is completed every 24 hours, usually referring to tasks, processes, tides, or sunrise to sunset; circadian.
4. (uncommon) Done once every day; daily, quotidian.
5. (archaic) Published daily.

Quotations

• For quotations using this term, see Citations:diurnal.

Synonyms

• (having a daily cycle): circadian (biology)

Antonyms

• (antonym(s) of “happening or active during the day”): nocturnal, nightly
• (antonym(s) of “active or open during the day”): nocturnal

Coordinate terms

• (active or open during the day): crepuscular (active during twilight; dawn or dusk)
• (active or open during the day): matutinal (active during dawn)
• (active or open during the day): vespertine (active during dusk)
• (active or open during the day): diel (having a 24-hour period, regardless of day or night)

Derived terms

• bidiurnal
• diurnal aberration
• diurnal active photolocation
• diurnal arc
• diurnalist
• diurnality
• diurnally
• diurnal motion
• diurnalness
• equidiurnal
• intradiurnal
• nondiurnal
• semidiurnal
• sesquidiurnal
• terdiurnal
• tridiurnal
• undiurnal

Translations

happening during daylight; primarily active during the day

Arabic: نَهَارِيّ (nahāriyy) Azerbaijani: gündəlik (az) Belarusian: дзённы (dzjónny) Bulgarian: дне́вен (dnéven) Catalan: diürn (ca) Chinese: Mandarin: 日間的 / 日间的 (zh) (rìjiān de) Czech: denní (cs) c Dutch: dagactief Esperanto: taga (eo) Finnish: päivä- (fi), päiväaikainen (fi), päiväaktiivinen, diurnaalinen French: diurne (fr) Galician: diurno m German: tagaktiv (de) Greek: ημερήσιος (el) (imerísios) Ancient: ἡμερινός (hēmerinós) Hungarian: nappali (hu) Icelandic: dagdýr Irish: laethúil Italian: diurno (it) Japanese: 昼間の (ja) (ひるまの, hiruma no), 日中の (ja) (にっちゅうの, nitchū no) Korean: 날의 (ko) (narui), 하루의 (ko) (haruui), 하루 동안의 (haru dong'anui) Latin: diurnus Macedonian: дневен (dneven) Maori: moepō Persian: روزانه (fa) (ruzâne) Polish: dzienny (pl) Portuguese: diurno (pt) Russian: дневно́й (ru) (dnevnój) Serbo-Croatian: Cyrillic: дне̑внӣ Roman: dnȇvnī (sh) Slovak: denný (sk) Slovene: dneven Spanish: diurno (es) Swedish: dags- Tajik: рӯзона (tg) (rüzona) Turkish: gündüzcül, gündüz hareketli olan Ukrainian: де́нний (dénnyj) Uzbek: kunduzgi (uz) Welsh: dyddiol (cy) West Frisian: (please verify) dei- (fy)

botany; of flowers open or releasing perfume during the day

Catalan: diürn (ca) Finnish: päiväksi kukkansa avaava French: diurne (fr) Portuguese: diurno (pt) Ukrainian: де́нний (dénnyj)

having a daily cycle

Finnish: päivittäinen (fi), vuorokautinen (fi), vuorokausi- (fi) French: journalier (fr) Greek: ημερήσιος (el) m (imerísios) Persian: روزانه (fa) (ruzâne) Portuguese: diário (pt) Slovak: každodenný Slovene: dneven, (biological) cirkadiaden Ukrainian: добови́й (dobovýj)

done once every day

Belarusian: штодзё́нны (štodzjónny) Bulgarian: ежедне́вен (bg) (ežednéven), всекидне́вен (bg) (vsekidnéven) Czech: denní (cs) c Dutch: dagelijks (nl) Finnish: päivittäinen (fi), jokapäiväinen (fi) French: journalier (fr), quotidien (fr) German: täglich (de) Greek: ημερήσιος (el) (imerísios) Hungarian: napi (hu) Persian: روزی یک بار (ruzi yek bâr) Portuguese: diário (pt) Russian: ежедне́вный (ru) (ježednévnyj) Slovak: denný (sk), každodenný Slovene: dneven Turkish: günlük (tr), gün be gün Ukrainian: щоде́нний (ščodénnyj) West Frisian: deisk, deistich

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

Swedish: (as 24-hr period, including nighttime) (please verify) dygn (sv)

Noun

diurnal (plural diurnals)

1. A flower that opens only in the day.
2. (Catholicism) A book containing canonical offices performed during the day, hence not matins.
3. (archaic) A diary or journal.
   • 1663, Samuel Butler, Hudibras, part 1, canto 2:

     He was by birth, some authors write, / A Russian, some a Muscovite, / And 'mong the Cossacks had been bred, / Of whom we in diurnals read.

4. (archaic) A daily news publication.

Translations

flower that opens during the day

book of canonical offices

Catalan: diürnal m Hungarian: diurnálé Italian: diurno (it), diurnale Portuguese: diurno (pt) m Slovene: dnevnik (sl) m

French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /djyʁ.nal/

Noun

diurnal m (plural diurnaux)

1. diurnal (book)

Further reading

• “diurnal”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from French diurnal, from Latin diurnālis. By surface analysis, diurn +‎ -al. Doublet of jurnal.

Adjective

diurnal m or n (feminine singular diurnală, masculine plural diurnali, feminine and neuter plural diurnale)

1. obsolete form of diurn (“diurnal”)

Declension

Declension of diurnal

		singular				plural
		masculine	neuter	feminine		masculine	neuter	feminine
nominative- accusative	indefinite	diurnal		diurnală		diurnali	diurnale
	definite	diurnalul		diurnala		diurnalii	diurnalele
genitive- dative	indefinite	diurnal		diurnale		diurnali	diurnale
	definite	diurnalului		diurnalei		diurnalilor	diurnalelor

Noun

diurnal n (plural diurnale)

1. diurnal (book)

Declension

Declension of diurnal

	singular			plural
	indefinite	definite		indefinite	definite
nominative-accusative	diurnal	diurnalul		diurnale	diurnalele
genitive-dative	diurnal	diurnalului		diurnale	diurnalelor
vocative	diurnalule			diurnalelor