dysgu

Welsh

Etymology

From Proto-Brythonic *dɨskɨd, from Latin discō (“I learn”). Cognate to Breton deskiñ and Cornish dyski, from the same origin.

Pronunciation

• (North Wales) IPA^(key): /ˈdəsɡɨ̞/, [ˈdəskɨ̞]
• (South Wales) IPA^(key): /ˈdəsɡi/, [ˈdəski]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -əsɡɨ̞

Verb

dysgu (first-person singular present dysgaf)

1. to learn

   Dw i ddim yn deall yn iawn achos dw i’n dysgu Cymraeg o hyd.

   I don’t properly understand because I’m still learning Welsh.

2. (with preposition i) to teach (often replaced by addysgu in modern Welsh)

   Mae Mrs Jones yn dysgu Cymraeg i mi.

   Mrs Jones is teaching me Welsh.

Conjugation

Conjugation of dysgu (literary)

	singular			plural			impersonal
	first	second	third	first	second	third
present indicative/future	dysgaf	dysgi	dysg	dysgwn	dysgwch	dysgant	dysgir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional	dysgwn	dysgit	dysgai	dysgem	dysgech	dysgent	dysgid
preterite	dysgais	dysgaist	dysgodd	dysgasom	dysgasoch	dysgasant	dysgwyd
pluperfect	dysgaswn	dysgasit	dysgasai	dysgasem	dysgasech	dysgasent	dysgasid, dysgesid
present subjunctive	dysgwyf	dysgych	dysgo	dysgom	dysgoch	dysgont	dysger
imperative	—	dysg, dysga	dysged	dysgwn	dysgwch	dysgent	dysger
verbal noun	dysgu
verbal adjectives	dysgedig dysgadwy

Conjugation of dysgu (colloquial)

inflected colloquial forms	singular			plural
	first	second	third	first	second	third
future	dysga i, dysgaf i	dysgi di	dysgith o/e/hi, dysgiff e/hi	dysgwn ni	dysgwch chi	dysgan nhw
conditional	dysgwn i, dysgswn i	dysget ti, dysgset ti	dysgai fo/fe/hi, dysgsai fo/fe/hi	dysgen ni, dysgsen ni	dysgech chi, dysgsech chi	dysgen nhw, dysgsen nhw
preterite	dysgais i, dysges i	dysgaist ti, dysgest ti	dysgodd o/e/hi	dysgon ni	dysgoch chi	dysgon nhw
imperative	—	dysga	—	—	dysgwch	—

Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Derived terms

• dad-ddysgu (“to unlearn”)
• dysg (“learning”)
• dysgu ar gof (“to learn by heart, memorise”)
• dysgwr (“learner”)
• e-ddysgu (“e-learning”)

Mutation

Mutated forms of dysgu

radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
dysgu	ddysgu	nysgu	unchanged

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “dysgu”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies