especially

Alternative forms

esp., esp (abbreviation)
esp, espc (Internet slang)

Etymology

From especial +‎ -ly.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɪˈspɛʃ.(ə.)li/, /əˈspɛʃ.(ə.)li/, /ɛsˈpɛʃ.(ə.)li/
- Audio (US): (file)
(nonstandard, proscribed) IPA^(key): /ɪkˈspɛʃ.(ə.)li/, /ɛkˈspɛʃ.(ə.)li/

Adverb

especially (comparative more especially, superlative most especially)

(manner) In a special manner; specially.
He got up early especially.
- 1944 July and August, Railway Magazine, page 233, photo caption:
  L.N.E.R. class "Y6" 3 ft. 1 in. 0-4-0 steam tram locomotive No. 7133
  This locomotive, constructed at the Stratford works of the former Great Eastern Railway in 1897, was one of six which were built between 1883 and 1897 especially to work the Wisbech and Upwell Tramway.
(focus) Particularly; to a greater extent than is normal.
- 1992, Rudolf M[athias] Schuster, The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America: East of the Hundredth Meridian, volume V, Chicago, Ill.: Field Museum of Natural History, →ISBN, page viii:
  There is now such an immense "microliterature" on hepatics that, beyond a certain point I have given up trying to integrate (and evaluate) every minor paper published—especially narrowly floristic papers.
- 2023 April 11, Kurtis Lee, “California Economy Is on Edge After Tech Layoffs and Studio Cutbacks”, in The New York Times‎, →ISSN, archived from the original on 19 April 2023:
  At tech companies that spent recent years expanding paid parental leave, parents have felt the whiplash of mass layoffs in an especially visceral way.
(focus) Used to place greater emphasis upon someone or something.
Invite them all, especially Molly.
- 1910, Emerson Hough, chapter I, in The Purchase Price: Or The Cause of Compromise, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:
  Captain Edward Carlisle […] felt a curious sensation of helplessness seize upon him as he met her steady gaze, […]; he could not tell what this prisoner might do. He cursed the fate which had assigned such a duty, cursed especially that fate which forced a gallant soldier to meet so superb a woman as this under handicap so hard.
- 1992, Rudolf M[athias] Schuster, The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America: East of the Hundredth Meridian, volume V, Chicago, Ill.: Field Museum of Natural History, →ISBN, page viii:
  There is now such an immense "microliterature" on hepatics that, beyond a certain point I have given up trying to integrate (and evaluate) every minor paper published—especially narrowly floristic papers.

Synonyms

(special manner):
(particularly): in particular; see also Thesaurus:specifically
(emphasis): first and foremost; see also Thesaurus:above all

Related terms

Translations

particularly

Albanian: sidomos (sq)
Arabic: خُصُوصًا (ḵuṣūṣan), خَاصَّةً (ḵāṣṣatan), وَلَا سِيَّمَا (walā siyyamā)
Armenian: հատկապես (hy) (hatkapes)
Azerbaijani: xüsusən (az), xüsusilə (az), ələlxüsus (az), özəlliklə
Bashkir: айырыуса (ayırıwsa), бигерәк тә (bigerək tə)
Belarusian: асаблі́ва (asablíva)
Bulgarian: осо́бено (bg) (osóbeno)
Catalan: sobretot (ca), especialment (ca)
Chinese:
Mandarin: 特別 / 特别 (zh) (tèbié), 尤其 (zh) (yóuqí)
Czech: obzvlášť
Danish: særligt, specielt, især
Dutch: vooral (nl), in het bijzonder
Esperanto: precipe (eo)
Estonian: eriliselt, eriti (et)
Finnish: erityisesti (fi), varsinkin (fi), etenkin (fi)
French: spécialement (fr), particulièrement (fr), surtout (fr), en particulier (fr), espécialement (fr) (Louisiana)
Galician: especialmente (gl)
German: besonders (de), extra (de)
Gothic: 𐌸𐌹𐍃𐌷𐌿𐌽 (þishun)
Greek: ειδικά (el) (eidiká)
Ancient: ἄλλως τε καί (állōs te kaí)
Hindi: ख़ास तौर पर (xās taur par)
Hungarian: különösen (hu), főleg (hu), főként (hu), főképp (hu)
Icelandic: sérstaklega (is)
Indonesian: lebih-lebih (id)
Ingrian: erittee
Irish: go háirithe, go mór mór
Italian: specialmente (it), soprattutto (it), specie (it)
Japanese: とりわけ (ja) (toriwake), 特に (ja) (toku ni), なかんずく (ja) (nakanzuku)
Korean: 특히 (ko) (teukhi), 특별히 (ko) (teukbyeolhi)
Kurdish:
Central Kurdish: بەتایبەتی (betaybetî)

Northern Kurdish: bi taybetî (ku)
Latin: maxime (la), apprime, praesertim, cumprīmē
Luxembourgish: besonnesch
Maori: inarā
Norman: supareillement (Guernsey)
Norwegian:
Bokmål: særlig (no), i særdeleshet, spesielt (no)

Nynorsk: spesielt
Occitan: mai que mai, subretot (oc)
Old English: swīþost
Persian: مخصوصاً (fa) (maxsusan), بالاخص (bel-axas), به خصوص (be xosus), خصوصا (fa) (xosusan), به ویژه (be viže), علی‌الخصوص (alal-xosus)
Polish: szczególnie (pl), zwłaszcza (pl), w szczególności (pl)
Portuguese: especialmente (pt), sobretudo (pt)
Romanian: mai ales
Russian: осо́бенно (ru) (osóbenno)
Scots: maistly
Serbo-Croatian: posebice (sh), osobito (sh), naročito (sh)
Slovene: posébej
Spanish: especialmente (es), sobre todo, máxime (es), más (es)
Swedish: särskilt (sv), speciellt (sv)
Tamil: குறிப்பாக (kuṟippāka)
Telugu: ప్రత్యేకించి (pratyēkiñci)
Turkish: özellikle (tr)
Ukrainian: особли́во (osoblývo)
Urdu: خاص طور پر (xās taur par)
Vietnamese: nhất là (vi), đặc biệt là
Welsh: yn enwedig
Zazaki: xısusen

in a special manner

Belarusian: асаблі́ва (asablíva)
Catalan: especialment (ca)
Dutch: speciaal (nl)
Finnish: erityisesti (fi)
French: spécialement (fr)
German: speziell (de), außergewöhnlich (de), originell (de)
Gothic: 𐌿𐍃𐍃𐌹𐌽𐌳𐍉 (ussindō)
Icelandic: sérstaklega (is)
Irish: go speisealta
Italian: appositamente (it)
Kurdish:
Central Kurdish: بەشێوەیەکی تایبەتی (beşêweyekî taybetî)
Norwegian: spesielt (no)
Polish: szczególnie (pl)
Portuguese: especialmente (pt)
Romanian: în special, în mod special
Russian: осо́бенно (ru) (osóbenno)
Spanish: especialmente (es), máxime (es)
Tamil: சிறப்பாக (ciṟappāka)
Telugu: మరీ ముఖ్యంగా (marī mukhyaṅgā)
Ukrainian: особли́во (osoblývo)
Welsh: yn enwedig
Zazaki: bağseta

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

Interlingua: ^{(please verify)} specialmente
Slovak: ^{(please verify)} najmä
Vietnamese: ^{(please verify)} đặc biệt là