garnir

French

Etymology

Inherited from Middle French garnir, from Old French guarnir (“to protect (oneself), armour up”), from Frankish *warnijan (“to ward, take care of something”), from Proto-Germanic *warnijaną (“to worry, be careful, take heed, refuse, withhold”), ultimately from the Proto-Indo-European root *wer- (“to close, cover, protect, save, defend”). Compare Italian guarnire and Portuguese guarnir. Cognate with Middle Dutch waernen (“to provide, equip”), Middle Low German warnen, wernen (“to secure, arm”), Old English wiernan (“to withhold, be sparing of, deny, refuse, reject, decline, forbid, prevent”), Old Norse varna (“to prevent, refuse, protect”). Related to English warn.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡaʁ.niʁ/

• Audio:

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Verb

garnir

1. to furnish (a building, a room)
2. (military, dated) to arm
3. to decorate, to pretty, to garnish

Conjugation

This is a regular verb of the second conjugation, like finir, choisir, and most other verbs with infinitives ending in -ir. One salient feature of this conjugation is the repeated appearance of the infix -iss-.

Conjugation of garnir (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	garnir
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	garnissant /ɡaʁ.ni.sɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		garni /ɡaʁ.ni/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	garnis /ɡaʁ.ni/	garnis /ɡaʁ.ni/	garnit /ɡaʁ.ni/	garnissons /ɡaʁ.ni.sɔ̃/	garnissez /ɡaʁ.ni.se/	garnissent /ɡaʁ.nis/
	imperfect	garnissais /ɡaʁ.ni.sɛ/	garnissais /ɡaʁ.ni.sɛ/	garnissait /ɡaʁ.ni.sɛ/	garnissions /ɡaʁ.ni.sjɔ̃/	garnissiez /ɡaʁ.ni.sje/	garnissaient /ɡaʁ.ni.sɛ/
	past historic2	garnis /ɡaʁ.ni/	garnis /ɡaʁ.ni/	garnit /ɡaʁ.ni/	garnîmes /ɡaʁ.nim/	garnîtes /ɡaʁ.nit/	garnirent /ɡaʁ.niʁ/
	future	garnirai /ɡaʁ.ni.ʁe/	garniras /ɡaʁ.ni.ʁa/	garnira /ɡaʁ.ni.ʁa/	garnirons /ɡaʁ.ni.ʁɔ̃/	garnirez /ɡaʁ.ni.ʁe/	garniront /ɡaʁ.ni.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	garnirais /ɡaʁ.ni.ʁɛ/	garnirais /ɡaʁ.ni.ʁɛ/	garnirait /ɡaʁ.ni.ʁɛ/	garnirions /ɡaʁ.ni.ʁjɔ̃/	garniriez /ɡaʁ.ni.ʁje/	garniraient /ɡaʁ.ni.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	garnisse /ɡaʁ.nis/	garnisses /ɡaʁ.nis/	garnisse /ɡaʁ.nis/	garnissions /ɡaʁ.ni.sjɔ̃/	garnissiez /ɡaʁ.ni.sje/	garnissent /ɡaʁ.nis/
	imperfect2	garnisse /ɡaʁ.nis/	garnisses /ɡaʁ.nis/	garnît /ɡaʁ.ni/	garnissions /ɡaʁ.ni.sjɔ̃/	garnissiez /ɡaʁ.ni.sje/	garnissent /ɡaʁ.nis/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	garnis /ɡaʁ.ni/	—	garnissons /ɡaʁ.ni.sɔ̃/	garnissez /ɡaʁ.ni.se/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Derived terms

• bouquet garni

Related terms

• garnison

Descendants

• → Russian: гарни́р m (garnír)

Further reading

• “garnir”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Icelandic

Noun

garnir

1. indefinite nominative plural of görn
2. indefinite accusative plural of görn

Middle French

Alternative forms

• guarnir

Etymology

From Old French garnir.

Verb

garnir

1. to equip; to furnish with
2. to decorate
   • c. 1369, Jean Froissart, Chroniques:

     Guy de Trimouille fist tres richemment garnir la nef ou son corps devoit passer

     Guy de Trimouille richly decorated the boat where his body should lay

Descendants

• French: garnir (see there for further descendants)

Old French

Etymology

From Frankish *warnjan.

Verb

garnir

1. alternative form of guarnir

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a second-group verb (ending in -ir, with an -iss- infix). Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation of garnir (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)

		simple			compound
infinitive		garnir			avoir garni
gerund		en garnissant			gerund of avoir + past participle
present participle		garnissant
past participle		garni
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	il	nos	vos	il
simple tenses	present	garnis	garnis	garnist	garnissons	garnissez	garnissent
	imperfect	garnissoie, garnisseie	garnissoies, garnisseies	garnissoit, garnisseit	garnissiiens, garnissiens	garnissiiez, garnissiez	garnissoient, garnisseient
	preterite	garni	garnis	garni	garnimes	garnistes	garnirent
	future	garnirai	garniras	garnira	garnirons	garniroiz, garnireiz, garnirez	garniront
	conditional	garniroie, garnireie	garniroies, garnireies	garniroit, garnireit	garniriiens, garniriens	garniriiez, garniriez	garniroient, garnireient
compound tenses	present perfect	present tense of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect tense of avoir + past participle
	past anterior	preterite tense of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future tense of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional tense of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que jo	que tu	qu’il	que nos	que vos	qu’il
simple tenses	present	garnisse	garnisses	garnisse	garnissons	garnissez	garnissent
	imperfect	garnisse	garnisses	garnist	garnissons, garnissiens	garnissoiz, garnissez, garnissiez	garnissent
compound tenses	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nos	vos	–
		—	garnis	—	garnissons	garnissez	—

Derived terms

• garnement