gread

Irish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɟɾʲad̪ˠ/

Verb

gread (present analytic greadann, future analytic greadfaidh, verbal noun greadadh, past participle greadta)

1. to beat, strike, hammer, pommel, smash, wallop

   Synonyms: buail, lúir

2. to trounce, thrash, drub

   Synonyms: greasáil, lúir

3. to buffet, batter
4. to lash (also of rain etc.)
5. to whip (also of rain etc.)

   Bhí an fhearthainn ag greadadh m'aghaidhe.

   The rain was whipping my face.

6. to thump, bump
7. to stamp (strike, beat, or press forcibly with the bottom of the foot)

Conjugation

Conjugation of gread (first conjugation – A)

verbal noun	greadadh
past participle	greadta
tense	singular			plural			relative	autonomous
	first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative
present	greadaim	greadann tú; greadair†	greadann sé, sí	greadaimid	greadann sibh	greadann siad; greadaid†	a ghreadann; a ghreadas / a ngreadann*	greadtar
past	ghread mé; ghreadas	ghread tú; ghreadais	ghread sé, sí	ghreadamar; ghread muid	ghread sibh; ghreadabhair	ghread siad; ghreadadar	a ghread / ar ghread*	greadadh
past habitual	ghreadainn / ngreadainn‡‡	ghreadtá / ngreadtᇇ	ghreadadh sé, sí / ngreadadh sé, s퇇	ghreadaimis; ghreadadh muid / ngreadaimis‡‡; ngreadadh muid‡‡	ghreadadh sibh / ngreadadh sibh‡‡	ghreadaidís; ghreadadh siad / ngreadaidís‡‡; ngreadadh siad‡‡	a ghreadadh / a ngreadadh*	ghreadtaí / ngreadta퇇
future	greadfaidh mé; greadfad	greadfaidh tú; greadfair†	greadfaidh sé, sí	greadfaimid; greadfaidh muid	greadfaidh sibh	greadfaidh siad; greadfaid†	a ghreadfaidh; a ghreadfas / a ngreadfaidh*	greadfar
conditional	ghreadfainn / ngreadfainn‡‡	ghreadfá / ngreadfᇇ	ghreadfadh sé, sí / ngreadfadh sé, s퇇	ghreadfaimis; ghreadfadh muid / ngreadfaimis‡‡; ngreadfadh muid‡‡	ghreadfadh sibh / ngreadfadh sibh‡‡	ghreadfaidís; ghreadfadh siad / ngreadfaidís‡‡; ngreadfadh siad‡‡	a ghreadfadh / a ngreadfadh*	ghreadfaí / ngreadfa퇇
subjunctive
present	go ngreada mé; go ngreadad†	go ngreada tú; go ngreadair†	go ngreada sé, sí	go ngreadaimid; go ngreada muid	go ngreada sibh	go ngreada siad; go ngreadaid†	—	go ngreadtar
past	dá ngreadainn	dá ngreadtá	dá ngreadadh sé, sí	dá ngreadaimis; dá ngreadadh muid	dá ngreadadh sibh	dá ngreadaidís; dá ngreadadh siad	—	dá ngreadtaí
imperative
–	greadaim	gread	greadadh sé, sí	greadaimis	greadaigí; greadaidh†	greadaidís	—	greadtar

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Derived terms

• gread leat (“to buzz off, scoot”)
• gread na mása ag (“spank”)
• greadán
• greadfach
• greadlach
• greadloscadh
• greadóg
• greadtine
• greadtóir

Mutation

Mutated forms of gread

radical	lenition	eclipsis
gread	ghread	ngread

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “gredaid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904), “greadaim”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 381
• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “gread”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN