hoste

See also: hosté, hôte, and høste

Catalan

Etymology

Inherited from Old Catalan oste, from Latin hospitem. Cognates include Occitan òste, French hôte (Old French oste), Spanish huésped, Italian ospite.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [ˈɔs.tə]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [ˈɔs.te]

• Audio (Barcelona):

  (file)

Noun

hoste m (plural hostes, feminine hostessa, feminine plural hostesses)

1. guest
2. host

Usage notes

• Hoste is used for a guest who stays overnight, who is lodged for free. For a guest who does not stay overnight (eg, a dinner guest), see convidat.

Related terms

• hostal

References

• “hoste”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], April 2007
• “hoste”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
• “hoste” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “hoste” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Czech

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɦostɛ]

Noun

hoste m

1. vocative singular of host

Danish

Etymology 1

From Old Norse hósti (“a cough”), hósta (“to cough”), from Proto-Germanic, from Proto-Indo-European *kwas- (“to cough”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /hoːstə/, [ˈhoːsd̥ə]

Noun

hoste c (singular definite hosten, not used in plural form)

1. cough

Declension

Declension of hoste

common gender	singular
	indefinite	definite
nominative	hoste	hosten
genitive	hostes	hostens

Derived terms

• hosteanfald
• hostesaft
• hostestillende
• hostemedicin
• krillerhoste
• strubehoste
• tobakshoste

Verb

hoste (imperative host, infinitive at hoste, present tense hoster, past tense hostede, perfect tense hostet)

1. cough (push air from the lungs)

Conjugation

Conjugation of hoste

active passive present hoster hostes past hostede hostedes infinitive hoste hostes imperative host — participle present hostende past hostet (auxiliary verb have) gerund hosten

Conjugation

Conjugation of hoste

active passive present hoster hostes past hostede hostedes infinitive hoste hostes imperative host — participle present hostende past hostet (auxiliary verb have) gerund hosten

Derived terms

• host
• hosten
• hoste op med

Derived terms

• hosting

Etymology 2

Unadapted borrowing from English host.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /hovstə/, [ˈhɔwsd̥e]

Verb

hoste (imperative host, infinitive at hoste, present tense hoster, past tense hostede, perfect tense hostet)

1. (computing, Internet) to host websites

References

• “hoste” in Den Danske Ordbog
• “hoste” in Ordbog over det danske Sprog

Dutch

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Verb

hoste

1. inflection of hossen:
   1. singular past indicative
   2. (dated or formal) singular past subjunctive

French

Noun

hoste m (plural hostes)

1. obsolete spelling of hôte

See also

• hostesse

Galician

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese oste (“host, army”) (with the h- added back to reflect the Latin etymon), from Latin hostem, accusative singular of hostis (“an enemy of the state”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɔste̝/

Noun

hoste f (plural hostes)

1. host, horde
2. army

Derived terms

• estantiga

References

• Seoane, Ernesto Xosé González; Granja, María Álvarez de la; Agrelo, Ana Isabel Boullón (2006–2022), “hoste”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval [Dictionary of dictionaries of Medieval Galician] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “hoste”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “hoste”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega

Latin

Noun

hoste m or f

1. ablative singular of hostis (“enemy”)

Middle English

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *gʰóstis

Proto-Indo-European *pótis

Proto-Indo-European *gʰóstipotis

Proto-Italic *hostipotis

Latin hospes

Old French ostebor.

Middle English hoste

Borrowed from Old French hoste, oste.

Noun

hoste (plural hostes)

1. host

Related terms

• hostesse

Descendants

• English: host

See also

• oost

Middle French

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *gʰóstis

Proto-Indo-European *pótis

Proto-Indo-European *gʰóstipotis

Proto-Italic *hostipotis

Latin hospes

Old French oste

Middle French hoste

From Old French hoste, oste.

Noun

hoste m (plural hostes)

1. host

Descendants

• French: hôte

See also

• hostesse

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology 1

Inherited from Danish hoste, from Old Norse hósti, from Proto-Germanic *hwōstô

Noun

hoste m (definite singular hosten, indefinite plural hoster, definite plural hostene)

1. (onomatopoeia) a cough

Etymology 2

Inherited from Danish hoste, from Old Norse hósta (sense 1), and English host (sense 2). The Old Norse verb is from Proto-Germanic *hwōstōną

Verb

hoste (imperative host, present tense hoster, passive hostes, simple past and past participle hosta or hostet, present participle hostende)

1. (onomatopoeia) to cough
2. (computing) to host

References

• “hoste” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Norse hósti, from Proto-Germanic *hwōstô

Noun

hoste m (definite singular hosten, indefinite plural hostar, definite plural hostane)

1. a cough

Derived terms

• kikhoste

Etymology 2

Inherited from Old Norse hósta, from Proto-Germanic *hwōstōną

Verb

hoste (present tense hostar, past tense hosta, past participle hosta, passive infinitive hostast, present participle hostande, imperative hoste/host)

1. e-infinitive form of hosta (in dialects with e-infinitive or split infinitive)

References

• “hoste” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɔs.tə/

Noun

hoste oblique singular, m (oblique plural hostes, nominative singular hostes, nominative plural hoste)

1. alternative form of oste

Portuguese

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese oste (“host, army”) (with the -h- added back to reflect the Latin etymon), from Latin hostem (“an enemy of the state”), from Proto-Italic *hostis (“stranger, guest”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰóstis (“stranger, guest”). Compare Galician hoste, Spanish hueste.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈɔs.t͡ʃi/

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈɔs.t͡ʃi/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /ˈɔʃ.t͡ʃi/
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈɔs.te/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈɔʃ.tɨ/

• Hyphenation: hos‧te

Noun

hoste f (plural hostes)

1. host; army; military troop
2. herd (a mass of people)

   Synonym: horda

Related terms

• hostilidade

Further reading

• “hoste”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025

Slovene

Noun

hóste

1. inflection of họ̑sta:
   1. genitive singular
   2. nominative/accusative plural