iaceo

From Proto-Italic *jakēō. Stative counterpart of iaciō (“to throw”). The meaning must have shifted from “I am thrown down” to “I lie”.

iaceō (present infinitive iacēre, perfect active iacuī, supine iacitum); second conjugation, no passive

to lie prostrate, lie down; recline
Synonym: cubō
- Cur in terra iaces? — “Why are you lying on the ground?”
- 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 1.218:
  pauper ubīque iacet
  and everywhere the poor man lies prostrated
to be sick, lie ill
Synonyms: aegrōtō, cubō, langueō, languēscō

Antonym: valeō
to linger, stop, tarry, remain
to be placed or situated, lie
to be low, flat or level
to lie still
to have fallen, lie dead
to lie in ruins
to hang down loose
(of the face or eyes) to be fixed on the ground or cast down
to be indolent, idle or inactive
Synonyms: langueō, dēsideō, vacō, cessō, resideō, sileō, conquiēscō
to be of no avail, lie dormant or abandoned
to lodge, dwell, abide
Synonyms: obsideō, cōnsīdō, possideō, habitō, subsīdō, resideō, incolō, colō, stabulō, vīvō, versō
to lie overthrown; to be refuted, fail; to be despised
(of speech or language) to be languid, dull or lifeless

Conjugation of iaceō (second conjugation, no passive)

More information indicative, singular ...

Insular Romance:
- Sardinian: jachere, jaghere, giaghere
Balkano-Romance:
- Aromanian: dzac, dzãtseari, dzatsiri
- Istro-Romanian: zåc
- Megleno-Romanian: zac, zățeari
- Romanian: zăcea, zăcere
Italo-Dalmatian:
- Italian: giacere
- Sicilian: jàciri
- Venetan: xaser
Rhaeto-Romance:
- Friulian: jessi
- Romansch: giaschair, scher
Gallo-Romance:
- Franco-Provençal: jere, jore
- Old Catalan: jaure
  - Catalan: jaure, jeure
- Old French: gesir
  - Bourguignon: gizai
  - Middle French: gesir
    - French: gésir
  - ⇒ English: gist
  - ⇒ Old French: giste
    - French: gîte
    - → English: joist
- Old Occitan: jazer
  - Occitan: jàser, jaire, jaguer
Ibero-Romance:
- Aragonese: chacer
- Old Galician-Portuguese: jazer
  - Galician: xacer
  - Portuguese: jazer
- Old Leonese: iazer
  - Asturian: xacer
  - Leonese: xacere, yacere
- Old Spanish: yazer
  - Spanish: yacer
⇒ Vulgar Latin: iacilium
- Italian: giaciglio
⇒ Vulgar Latin: iacium
- Occitan: jatz
  - → French: jas
Borrowings:
- → Interlingua: jacer

“iaceo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“iaceo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
“iaceo”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
- scholarship, culture, literature is at a low ebb: litterae iacent, neglectae iacent
- philosophy is neglected, at low ebb: philosophia (neglecta) iacet (vid. sect. VII. 1, note iacēre...)
- to upset the whole system: totam rationem evertere (pass. iacet tota ratio)
- the money is bringing in no interest, lies idle: pecunia iacet otiosa
- the state is secure: res publica stat (opp. iacet)
- (ambiguous) to be broken down by misfortune: in malis iacere
- (ambiguous) to let fall an expression: voces iacere (Sall. Iug. 11)
- (ambiguous) to use threats: minas iacere, iactare
- (ambiguous) to lay the foundations: fundamenta iacere, agere
- (ambiguous) to discharge missiles: tela iacere, conicere, mittere
- (ambiguous) to raise a rampart, earthwork: vallum iacere, exstruere, facere
- (ambiguous) to drop anchor: ancoras iacere
De Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

Latin