kuluda

Ludian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *kuludak, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *kulɜ-. Cognates include Finnish kulua.

Verb

kuluda

1. (intransitive) to wear out
2. to become decrepit

Conjugation

Conjugation of kuluda (type I-4/kuluda, no gradation)
Indicative
Present			Perfect
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	kulun	en kulu	1st singular	olen kulunu	en ole kulunu
2nd singular	kulud	ed kulu	2nd singular	oled kulunu	ed ole kulunu
3rd singular	kuluu	ei kulu	3rd singular	on kulunu	ei ole kulunu
1st plural	kulumme	emme kulugoi	1st plural	olemme kulunu	emme olgoi kulunu
2nd plural	kulutte	ette kulugoi	2nd plural	olette kulunu	ette olgoi kulunu
3rd plural	kulutah	ei kuluta	3rd plural	oldah kuluttu	ei olda kuluttu
Imperfect			Pluperfect
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	kuluin	en kulunu	1st singular	olin kulunu	en olnu kulunu
2nd singular	kuluid	ed kulunu	2nd singular	olid kulunu	ed olnu kulunu
3rd singular	kului	ei kulunu	3rd singular	oli kulunu	ei olnu kulunu
1st plural	kuluimme	emme kuluttu	1st plural	olimme kulunu	emme olnu kulunu
2nd plural	kuluitte	ette kuluttu	2nd plural	olitte kulunu	ette olnu kulunu
3rd plural	kuluttih	ei kuluttu	3rd plural	oldih kuluttu	ei oldu kuluttu
Conditional
Present			Perfect
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	kuluižin	en kuluiž	1st singular	oližin kulunu	en oliž kulunu
2nd singular	kuluižid	ed kuluiž	2nd singular	oližid kulunu	ed oliž kulunu
3rd singular	kuluiž	ei kuluiž	3rd singular	oliž kulunu	ei oliž kulunu
1st plural	kuluižimme	emme kuluiž	1st plural	oližimme kulunu	emme oliž kulunu
2nd plural	kuluižitte	ette kuluiž	2nd plural	oližitte kulunu	ette oliž kulunu
3rd plural	kulutaiž	ei kulutaiž	3rd plural	oldaiž kuluttu	ei oldaiž kuluttu
Imperfect			Pluperfect
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	kulunuižin	en kulunuiž	1st singular	olnuižin kulunu	en olnuiž kulunu
2nd singular	kulunuižid	ed kulunuiž	2nd singular	olnuižid kulunu	ed olnuiž kulunu
3rd singular	kulunuiž	ei kulunuiž	3rd singular	olnuiž kulunu	ei olnuiž kulunu
1st plural	kulunuižimme	emme kulunuiž	1st plural	olnuižimme kulunu	emme olnuiž kulunu
2nd plural	kulunuižitte	ette kulunuiž	2nd plural	olnuižitte kulunu	ette olnuiž kulunu
3rd plural	kuluttanuiž	ei kuluttanuiž	3rd plural	oldanuiž kuluttu	ei oldanuiž kuluttu
Imperative
Present
	positive	negative
1st singular	—	—
2nd singular	kulu	ala kulu
3rd singular	kulugah	algah kulugoi
1st plural	kulugam	algam kulugoi
2nd plural	kulugat	algat kulugoi
3rd plural	kulutagah	aldagah kulugoi
Potential
Present			Perfect
	positive	negative		positive	negative
1st singular	kulunen	en kulune	1st singular	lienen kulunu	en liene kulunu
2nd singular	kuluned	ed kulune	2nd singular	liened kulunu	ed liene kulunu
3rd singular	kulunou	ei kulune	3rd singular	lienou kulunu	ei liene kulunu
1st plural	kulunemme	emme kulune	1st plural	lienemme kulunu	emme liekoi kulunu
2nd plural	kulunette	ette kulune	2nd plural	lienette kulunu	ette liekoi kulunu
3rd plural	kuluttaneh	ei kuluttane	3rd plural	lietah kuluttu	ei liekoi kuluttu
Nominal forms
Infinitives			Participles
				active	passive
I		kuluda	present	kuluj	kuluttav
II	inessive	kuludes	past	kulunu	kuluttu
	essive	kuluden
III	illative	kulumah
	inessive	kulumas
	elative	kulumaspiä
	adessive	kulumal
	abessive	kulumata

References

• M. Pahomov (2022), Lüüdi-venän, venä-lüüdin sanakirdʹ‎, Helsinki: Lüüdilaine Siebr, →ISBN

Veps

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *kuuludak.

Verb

kuluda

1. to be heard

Inflection

Inflection of kuluda (inflection type 1/ujuda)
1st infinitive	kuluda
present indic.	kulub
past indic.	kului
	present indicative	past indicative	imperative
1st singular	kulun	kuluin	—
2nd singular	kulud	kuluid	kulu
3rd singular	kulub	kului	kulugaha
1st plural	kulum	kuluim	kulugam
2nd plural	kulut	kuluit	kulugat
3rd plural	kuludas kuluba	kuluiba	kulugaha
sing. conneg.1	kulu	kulund	kulu
plur. conneg.	kulugoi	kulunugoi	kulugoi
	present conditional	past conditional	potential
1st singular	kuluižin	kulunuižin	kulunen
2nd singular	kuluižid	kulunuižid	kuluned
3rd singular	kuluiži	kulunuiži	kuluneb
1st plural	kuluižim	kulunuižim	kulunem
2nd plural	kuluižit	kulunuižit	kulunet
3rd plural	kuluižiba	kulunuižiba	kuluneba
connegative	kuluiži	kulunuiži	kulune
non-finite forms
1st infinitive	kuluda
2nd infinitive		3rd infinitive
inessive	kuludes	inessive	kulumas
instructive	kuluden	illative	kulumaha
participles		elative	kulumaspäi
present active	kului	adessive	kulumal
past active	kulunu	abessive	kulumat
past passive	kuludud
1 In imperative: used only in the second-person singular. The plural form is used with other persons.

References

• Zajceva, N. G.; Mullonen, M. I. (2007), “доноситься”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary]‎, Petrozavodsk: Periodika