lenaid

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *linati, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂leyH-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈl̠ʲe.nəðʲ/
  • (Blasse) [ˈl̠ʲe.nɪðʲ]
  • (Griffith) [ˈl̠ʲe.nɨðʲ]

Verb

lenaid (conjunct ·len, verbal noun lenamain)

1. to stick, cling [with di ‘to’]
2. to follow [with di]
3. to remain
4. to continue, to survive

Inflection

Simple, class B IV present, reduplicated preterite, i future, a subjunctive

		active						passive
		singular			plural			singular	plural
		1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
present indicative	abs.			lenid, lenaid			lenit
	conj.			·len				·lentar
	rel.
imperfect indicative
preterite	abs.			lilis
	conj.			·lil			·leltar, ·leldar
	rel.
perfect	deut.			ro·lil			ro·leltar, ro·leldar
	prot.
future	abs.		lile				lilit
	conj.
	rel.			liles
conditional
present subjunctive	abs.		lia[e]
	conj.			·lia
	rel.
past subjunctive				·liad
imperative
verbal noun		lenamain
past participle
verbal of necessity

Quotations

• c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 10^a5

  Mainip in chrud so bid anglan for cland, .i. a lliles dind ancretmiuch bid ancretmech.

  Unless it is in this way, your children will be unclean, i.e. whatever follows the unbelieving will be unbelieving.

• c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 54^d7

  Ro·lil dím m’ernigde ⁊ ní dechuid húaim.

  My prayer clung to me and did not go from me.

• c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 96^c13

  Ro·leldar díb són, connacha·glúaistis in charbait.

  That is, they clung to them so that the chariots could not move.

Derived terms

• ad·len
• as·lena

Descendants

• Irish: lean
• Scottish Gaelic: lean

Mutation

Mutation of lenaid

radical	lenition	nasalization
lenaid also llenaid in h-prothesis environments	lenaid pronounced with /lʲ-/	lenaid also llenaid

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “lenaid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• Pedersen, Holger (1913), Vergleichende Grammatik der keltischen Sprachen [Comparative Grammar of the Celtic Languages] (in German), volume II, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, →ISBN, page 565