niewe

Middle Dutch

Alternative forms

• neuwe, newe, niwe, nuwe, niew

Etymology

From Old Dutch niuwi.

Adjective

niewe

1. new

Inflection

Adjective

		singular			plural
		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	indefinite	niewe	niewe	niewe	niewe
	definite	niewe	niewe
accusative	indefinite	niewen	niewe	niewe	niewe
	definite	niewe
genitive	indefinite	niewes	niewer	niewes	niewer
	definite	niewes, niewen	niewes, niewen
dative		niewen	niewer	niewen	niewen

Descendants

• Dutch: nieuw, nie (Eastern Netherlands), nij (Frisian, eastern & northern Netherlands), nieuwt (dialectal, originally neuter), nouw (Holland, dialectal), nuw (Holland), nuwt (Holland, dialectal, originally neuter)
  • Afrikaans: nuwe, nuut
  • Javindo: nuwe
  • Jersey Dutch: njuew
  • Negerhollands: nieuw, niw
• Limburgish: nuuj

Further reading

• “niew”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929), “nieuwe (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page nieuwe

Old English

Alternative forms

• nīwe, nēowe, nīowe

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *niwi, from Proto-Germanic *niwjaz, from Proto-Indo-European *néwyos, a variant of *néwos (“new”). Cognate with Old Frisian nī, Old Saxon niuwi, Old High German niuwi, Old Norse nýr, and Gothic 𐌽𐌹𐌿𐌾𐌹𐍃 (niujis). Extra-Germanic cognates include Lithuanian naũjas, Old Irish nuae, and Sanskrit नव्य (návya).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈni͜yː.we/

Adjective

nīewe

1. new

   Līciaþ þē mīne nīewan sċōs?

   Do you like my new shoes?

   • The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle

     Ōsrēd, þe wæs Norþanhymbra cining, æfter wræcsīþe hām cumenum ġelǣht wæs ⁊ ofslagen on XVIII Kƚ Octoƀ ⁊ his līc liġþ æt Tīnamūþe. ⁊ Æþelrēd cining feng tō nīwan wīfe, sēo wæs Ælflēd ġehāten, on III Kƚ Octobr̃.

     Osred, who was king of Northumbria, was apprehended and slain on the 17th of October after coming home from his exile, and his body lies at Tynemouth. And King Aethelred took a new wife, whose name was Aelfled, on the third of October.

   • late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Boethius' The Consolation of Philosophy

     Ūðwitan willaþ simle hwæthwugu nīewes and seldcūðes īewan.

     Philosophers always want to show something new and strange.

Usage notes

• The combining form is nī- when used adverbially, that is with verbs and verbal derivatives: nībacen (“fresh-baked”), nīcenned (“newborn”).
• While nīewe is the expected outcome of Proto-Germanic *niwjaz in the Early West Saxon dialect, the form nīwe is much more common within the corpus, almost to the total exclusion of the expected form. As the Late West Saxon of Ælfric also exclusively uses the form nīwe, and never *nȳwe, it is likely that the EWS nīwe form reflects a genuine, irregular sound change, predating the smoothing of the īe diphthong in LWS. This change is also seen in hīew.

Declension

Declension of nīewe — Strong

Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	nīewe	nīewu, nīewo	nīewe
Accusative	nīewne	nīewe	nīewe
Genitive	nīewes	nīewre	nīewes
Dative	nīewum	nīewre	nīewum
Instrumental	nīewe	nīewre	nīewe
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	nīewe	nīewa, nīewe	nīewu, nīewo
Accusative	nīewe	nīewa, nīewe	nīewu, nīewo
Genitive	nīewra	nīewra	nīewra
Dative	nīewum	nīewum	nīewum
Instrumental	nīewum	nīewum	nīewum

Declension of nīewe — Weak

Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	nīewa	nīewe	nīewe
Accusative	nīewan	nīewan	nīewe
Genitive	nīewan	nīewan	nīewan
Dative	nīewan	nīewan	nīewan
Instrumental	nīewan	nīewan	nīewan
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	nīewan	nīewan	nīewan
Accusative	nīewan	nīewan	nīewan
Genitive	nīewra, nīewena	nīewra, nīewena	nīewra, nīewena
Dative	nīewum	nīewum	nīewum
Instrumental	nīewum	nīewum	nīewum

Antonyms

• eald

Derived terms

• ælnīewe (“brand new”)
• ednīewe (“renew”)
• nīewan (“recently”)
• nīewlīċe (“recently”)
• nīewnes (“novelty”)

Descendants

• Middle English: newe, new, neue, nywe, neowe (Early Middle English or West Midland)
  • English: new
  • Scots: new