opha

Xhosa

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

-ópha

1. to bleed

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Zulu

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

-opha

1. to bleed

Inflection

tone L (infinitive ukopha)

	positive	negative
infinitive	ukopha	ukungophi
imperative
	simple	+ object concord
singular	yopha	-ophe
plural	yophani	-opheni
present
	positive absolute	positive relative	positive participial	negative absolute	negative relative	negative participial
1st singular	ngiyopha, ngopha	engophayo, engopha	ngopha	angophi	engingophi	ngingophi
2nd singular	uyopha, wopha	owophayo, owopha	wopha	awophi	ongophi	ungophi
1st plural	siyopha, sopha	esophayo, esopha	sopha	asophi	esingophi	singophi
2nd plural	niyopha, nopha	enophayo, enopha	nopha	anophi	eningophi	ningophi
class 1	uyopha, wopha	owophayo, owopha	opha	akophi	ongophi	engophi
class 2	bayopha, bopha	abophayo, abopha	bopha	abophi	abangophi	bengophi
class 3	uyopha, wopha	owophayo, owopha	wopha	awophi	ongophi	ungophi
class 4	iyopha, yopha	eyophayo, eyopha	yopha	ayophi	engophi	ingophi
class 5	liyopha, lopha	elophayo, elopha	lopha	alophi	elingophi	lingophi
class 6	ayopha, opha	ophayo, opha	opha	awophi	angophi	engophi
class 7	siyopha, sopha	esophayo, esopha	sopha	asophi	esingophi	singophi
class 8	ziyopha, zopha	ezophayo, ezopha	zopha	azophi	ezingophi	zingophi
class 9	iyopha, yopha	eyophayo, eyopha	yopha	ayophi	engophi	ingophi
class 10	ziyopha, zopha	ezophayo, ezopha	zopha	azophi	ezingophi	zingophi
class 11	luyopha, lopha	olophayo, olopha	lopha	alophi	olungophi	lungophi
class 14	buyopha, bopha	obophayo, obopha	bopha	abophi	obungophi	bungophi
class 15	kuyopha, kopha	okophayo, okopha	kopha	akophi	okungophi	kungophi
class 17	kuyopha, kopha	okophayo, okopha	kopha	akophi	okungophi	kungophi
recent past
	positive absolute	positive relative	positive participial	negative absolute	negative relative	negative participial
1st singular	ngophile, ngophē	engophile, engophē	ngophile, ngophē	angophanga	engingophanga	ngingophanga
2nd singular	wophile, wophē	owophile, owophē	wophile, wophē	awophanga	ongophanga	ungophanga
1st plural	sophile, sophē	esophile, esophē	sophile, sophē	asophanga	esingophanga	singophanga
2nd plural	nophile, nophē	enophile, enophē	nophile, nophē	anophanga	eningophanga	ningophanga
class 1	wophile, wophē	owophile, owophē	ophile, ophē	akophanga	ongophanga	engophanga
class 2	bophile, bophē	abophile, abophē	bophile, bophē	abophanga	abangophanga	bengophanga
class 3	wophile, wophē	owophile, owophē	wophile, wophē	awophanga	ongophanga	ungophanga
class 4	yophile, yophē	eyophile, eyophē	yophile, yophē	ayophanga	engophanga	ingophanga
class 5	lophile, lophē	elophile, elophē	lophile, lophē	alophanga	elingophanga	lingophanga
class 6	ophile, ophē	ophile, ophē	ophile, ophē	awophanga	angophanga	engophanga
class 7	sophile, sophē	esophile, esophē	sophile, sophē	asophanga	esingophanga	singophanga
class 8	zophile, zophē	ezophile, ezophē	zophile, zophē	azophanga	ezingophanga	zingophanga
class 9	yophile, yophē	eyophile, eyophē	yophile, yophē	ayophanga	engophanga	ingophanga
class 10	zophile, zophē	ezophile, ezophē	zophile, zophē	azophanga	ezingophanga	zingophanga
class 11	lophile, lophē	olophile, olophē	lophile, lophē	alophanga	olungophanga	lungophanga
class 14	bophile, bophē	obophile, obophē	bophile, bophē	abophanga	obungophanga	bungophanga
class 15	kophile, kophē	okophile, okophē	kophile, kophē	akophanga	okungophanga	kungophanga
class 17	kophile, kophē	okophile, okophē	kophile, kophē	akophanga	okungophanga	kungophanga
remote past
	positive absolute	positive relative	positive participial	negative absolute	negative relative	negative participial
1st singular	ngōpha	engōpha	ngōpha	angophanga	engingophanga	ngingophanga
2nd singular	wōpha	owōpha	wōpha	awophanga	ongophanga	ungophanga
1st plural	sōpha	esōpha	sōpha	asophanga	esingophanga	singophanga
2nd plural	nōpha	enōpha	nōpha	anophanga	eningophanga	ningophanga
class 1	wōpha	owōpha	ōpha	akophanga	ongophanga	engophanga
class 2	bōpha	abōpha	bōpha	abophanga	abangophanga	bengophanga
class 3	wōpha	owōpha	wōpha	awophanga	ongophanga	ungophanga
class 4	yōpha	eyōpha	yōpha	ayophanga	engophanga	ingophanga
class 5	lōpha	elōpha	lōpha	alophanga	elingophanga	lingophanga
class 6	ōpha	ōpha	ōpha	awophanga	angophanga	engophanga
class 7	sōpha	esōpha	sōpha	asophanga	esingophanga	singophanga
class 8	zōpha	ezōpha	zōpha	azophanga	ezingophanga	zingophanga
class 9	yōpha	eyōpha	yōpha	ayophanga	engophanga	ingophanga
class 10	zōpha	ezōpha	zōpha	azophanga	ezingophanga	zingophanga
class 11	lōpha	olōpha	lōpha	alophanga	olungophanga	lungophanga
class 14	bōpha	obōpha	bōpha	abophanga	obungophanga	bungophanga
class 15	kōpha	okōpha	kōpha	akophanga	okungophanga	kungophanga
class 17	kōpha	okōpha	kōpha	akophanga	okungophanga	kungophanga
potential
	positive absolute	positive relative	positive participial	negative absolute	negative relative	negative participial
1st singular	ngingopha	—	ngingopha	ngingophe	—	ngingophe
2nd singular	ungopha	—	ungopha	ungophe	—	ungophe
1st plural	singopha	—	singopha	singophe	—	singophe
2nd plural	ningopha	—	ningopha	ningophe	—	ningophe
class 1	angopha	—	engopha	angophe	—	engophe
class 2	bangopha	—	bengopha	bangophe	—	bengophe
class 3	ungopha	—	ungopha	ungophe	—	ungophe
class 4	ingopha	—	ingopha	ingophe	—	ingophe
class 5	lingopha	—	lingopha	lingophe	—	lingophe
class 6	angopha	—	engopha	angophe	—	engophe
class 7	singopha	—	singopha	singophe	—	singophe
class 8	zingopha	—	zingopha	zingophe	—	zingophe
class 9	ingopha	—	ingopha	ingophe	—	ingophe
class 10	zingopha	—	zingopha	zingophe	—	zingophe
class 11	lungopha	—	lungopha	lungophe	—	lungophe
class 14	bungopha	—	bungopha	bungophe	—	bungophe
class 15	kungopha	—	kungopha	kungophe	—	kungophe
class 17	kungopha	—	kungopha	kungophe	—	kungophe
immediate future
	positive absolute	positive relative	positive participial	negative absolute	negative relative	negative participial
1st singular	ngizokopha	engizokopha	ngizokopha	angizukopha	engingezukopha	ngingezukopha
2nd singular	uzokopha	ozokopha	uzokopha	awuzukopha	ongezukopha	ungezukopha
1st plural	sizokopha	esizokopha	sizokopha	asizukopha	esingezukopha	singezukopha
2nd plural	nizokopha	enizokopha	nizokopha	anizukopha	eningezukopha	ningezukopha
class 1	uzokopha	ozokopha	ezokopha	akazukopha	ongezukopha	engezukopha
class 2	bazokopha	abazokopha	bezokopha	abazukopha	abangezukopha	bengezukopha
class 3	uzokopha	ozokopha	uzokopha	awuzukopha	ongezukopha	ungezukopha
class 4	izokopha	ezokopha	izokopha	ayizukopha	engezukopha	ingezukopha
class 5	lizokopha	elizokopha	lizokopha	alizukopha	elingezukopha	lingezukopha
class 6	azokopha	azokopha	ezokopha	awazukopha	angezukopha	engezukopha
class 7	sizokopha	esizokopha	sizokopha	asizukopha	esingezukopha	singezukopha
class 8	zizokopha	ezizokopha	zizokopha	azizukopha	ezingezukopha	zingezukopha
class 9	izokopha	ezokopha	izokopha	ayizukopha	engezukopha	ingezukopha
class 10	zizokopha	ezizokopha	zizokopha	azizukopha	ezingezukopha	zingezukopha
class 11	luzokopha	oluzokopha	luzokopha	aluzukopha	olungezukopha	lungezukopha
class 14	buzokopha	obuzokopha	buzokopha	abuzukopha	obungezukopha	bungezukopha
class 15	kuzokopha	okuzokopha	kuzokopha	akuzukopha	okungezukopha	kungezukopha
class 17	kuzokopha	okuzokopha	kuzokopha	akuzukopha	okungezukopha	kungezukopha
remote future
	positive absolute	positive relative	positive participial	negative absolute	negative relative	negative participial
1st singular	ngiyokopha	engiyokopha	ngiyokopha	angiyukopha	engingeyukopha	ngingeyukopha
2nd singular	uyokopha	oyokopha	uyokopha	awuyukopha	ongeyukopha	ungeyukopha
1st plural	siyokopha	esiyokopha	siyokopha	asiyukopha	esingeyukopha	singeyukopha
2nd plural	niyokopha	eniyokopha	niyokopha	aniyukopha	eningeyukopha	ningeyukopha
class 1	uyokopha	oyokopha	eyokopha	akayukopha	ongeyukopha	engeyukopha
class 2	bayokopha	abayokopha	beyokopha	abayukopha	abangeyukopha	bengeyukopha
class 3	uyokopha	oyokopha	uyokopha	awuyukopha	ongeyukopha	ungeyukopha
class 4	iyokopha	eyokopha	iyokopha	ayiyukopha	engeyukopha	ingeyukopha
class 5	liyokopha	eliyokopha	liyokopha	aliyukopha	elingeyukopha	lingeyukopha
class 6	ayokopha	ayokopha	eyokopha	awayukopha	angeyukopha	engeyukopha
class 7	siyokopha	esiyokopha	siyokopha	asiyukopha	esingeyukopha	singeyukopha
class 8	ziyokopha	eziyokopha	ziyokopha	aziyukopha	ezingeyukopha	zingeyukopha
class 9	iyokopha	eyokopha	iyokopha	ayiyukopha	engeyukopha	ingeyukopha
class 10	ziyokopha	eziyokopha	ziyokopha	aziyukopha	ezingeyukopha	zingeyukopha
class 11	luyokopha	oluyokopha	luyokopha	aluyukopha	olungeyukopha	lungeyukopha
class 14	buyokopha	obuyokopha	buyokopha	abuyukopha	obungeyukopha	bungeyukopha
class 15	kuyokopha	okuyokopha	kuyokopha	akuyukopha	okungeyukopha	kungeyukopha
class 17	kuyokopha	okuyokopha	kuyokopha	akuyukopha	okungeyukopha	kungeyukopha
present subjunctive
	positive	negative
1st singular	ngophe	ngingophi
2nd singular	wophe	ungophi
1st plural	sophe	singophi
2nd plural	nophe	ningophi
class 1	ophe	angophi
class 2	bophe	bangophi
class 3	wophe	ungophi
class 4	yophe	ingophi
class 5	lophe	lingophi
class 6	ophe	angophi
class 7	sophe	singophi
class 8	zophe	zingophi
class 9	yophe	ingophi
class 10	zophe	zingophi
class 11	lophe	lungophi
class 14	bophe	bungophi
class 15	kophe	kungophi
class 17	kophe	kungophi
past subjunctive
	positive	negative
1st singular	ngopha	ngangopha, angopha, angangopha
2nd singular	wopha	wangopha, awopha, awangopha
1st plural	sopha	sangopha, asopha, asangopha
2nd plural	nopha	nangopha, anopha, anangopha
class 1	wopha	wangopha, akopha, akangopha
class 2	bopha	bangopha, abopha, abangopha
class 3	wopha	wangopha, awopha, awangopha
class 4	yopha	yangopha, ayopha, ayangopha
class 5	lopha	langopha, alopha, alangopha
class 6	opha	angopha, awopha, awangopha
class 7	sopha	sangopha, asopha, asangopha
class 8	zopha	zangopha, azopha, azangopha
class 9	yopha	yangopha, ayopha, ayangopha
class 10	zopha	zangopha, azopha, azangopha
class 11	lopha	lwangopha, alopha, alwangopha
class 14	bopha	bangopha, abopha, abangopha
class 15	kopha	kwangopha, akopha, akwangopha
class 17	kopha	kwangopha, akopha, akwangopha

Derived terms

• -ophela (applicative)
• -ophisa (causative)
• -ophiwa (passive)
• umopha
• umopho

References

• C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “opha”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “opha (6.3)”