pardduo

Welsh

Etymology

parddu (“soot, smut”) +‎ -o

Pronunciation

• (North Wales) IPA^(key): /parˈðɨː.ɔ/
• (South Wales) IPA^(key): /parˈðiː.ɔ/

Verb

pardduo (first-person singular present pardduaf)

1. (transitive) to cover with soot, to blacken

   Synonym: duo

   Trwy ddweud hyn, rydych yn pardduo enw da pobl yr ardal.

   In saying this, you are blackening the good name of the people in the area.

2. (intransitive) to become black, to blacken

   Synonym: duo

Conjugation

Conjugation of pardduo (literary)

	singular			plural			impersonal
	first	second	third	first	second	third
present indicative/future	pardduaf	parddui	parddua	pardduwn	pardduwch	pardduant	pardduir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional	pardduwn	pardduit	pardduai	pardduem	pardduech	pardduent	pardduid
preterite	pardduais	pardduaist	pardduodd	pardduasom	pardduasoch	pardduasant	pardduwyd
pluperfect	pardduaswn	pardduasit	pardduasai	pardduasem	pardduasech	pardduasent	pardduasid, pardduesid
present subjunctive	pardduwyf	pardduych	pardduo	pardduom	pardduoch	pardduont	pardduer
imperative	—	parddua	parddued	pardduwn	pardduwch	pardduent	pardduer
verbal noun	pardduo
verbal adjectives	pardduedig pardduadwy

Conjugation of pardduo (colloquial)

inflected colloquial forms	singular			plural
	first	second	third	first	second	third
future	parddua i, pardduaf i	parddui di	pardduith o/e/hi, pardduiff e/hi	pardduwn ni	pardduwch chi	pardduan nhw
conditional	pardduwn i, pardduswn i	pardduet ti, pardduset ti	pardduai fo/fe/hi, parddusai fo/fe/hi	pardduen ni, parddusen ni	pardduech chi, parddusech chi	pardduen nhw, parddusen nhw
preterite	pardduais i, parddues i	pardduaist ti, pardduest ti	pardduodd o/e/hi	pardduon ni	pardduoch chi	pardduon nhw
imperative	—	parddua	—	—	pardduwch	—

Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Mutation

Mutated forms of pardduo

radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
pardduo	bardduo	mhardduo	phardduo

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “pardduo”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies