reserve

See also: Reserve, réserve, réservé, reservé, rêsèrvé, and re-serve

English

Etymology

From Old French reserver, from Latin reservō (“to reserve, retain”).

Pronunciation

• (General American) IPA^(key): /ɹɪˈzɝv/
• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ɹɪˈzɜːv/
• Rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)v
• Hyphenation: re‧serve

• Audio (US):

  (file)

Noun

reserve (countable and uncountable, plural reserves)

1. A restriction.
   1. The act of reserving or keeping back; reservation; exception.

      The book is on reserve.

      I accept your view with one reserve.

   2. Restraint of freedom in words or actions; backwardness; caution in personal behavior.
2. That which is reserved or kept back, as for future use.
   1. A natural resource known to exist but not currently exploited.

      New oil reserves are continuously being discovered, but not as fast as the existing ones are running out.

      • 2014 April 25, Martin Lukacs, “Canada becoming launch-pad of a global tar sands and oil shale frenzy”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 190, number 20, page 13:

        If Alberta’s reserves are a carbon bomb, this global expansion of tar sands and oil shale exploitation amounts to an escalating emissions arms race, the unlocking of a subterranean cache of weapons of mass ecological destruction.

   2. A tract of land reserved, or set apart, for a particular purpose

      the Connecticut Reserve in Ohio was originally set apart for the school fund of Connecticut.

      the Clergy Reserves in Canada are for the support of the clergy.

   4. (Canada) A tract of land set apart for the use of an Aboriginal group: Indian reserve.

      Alternative forms: res, rez (clippings)

      Synonym: reservation (US)

   5. (military) A body of troops kept in the rear of an army drawn up for battle, reserved to support the other lines as occasion may require; a force or body of troops kept for an exigency.

      no reserves [the military force is throwing everything it has at the front]

   6. (finance, insurance) Funds kept on hand to meet planned or unplanned financial requirements.
   7. A reserve price in an auction.

      no reserve [the lot(s) will be sold no matter how low the bids are]

      reserve not met [the lot(s) will not be sold because the highest bid was too low to be acceptable]

   8. Wine held back and aged before being sold.
   9. (ceramics) Absence of color or decoration; the state of being left plain.
      • 1973, Charles Kyrle Wilkinson, Nishapur: Pottery of the Early Islamic Period, New York, N.Y: Metropolitan Museum of Art, page 161:

        Each is decorated with a simple disk in reserve and a band in reserve adorned with white dots.

3. Something initially kept back for later use in recreation.
   1. (sports) A member of a team who does not participate from the start of the game, but can be used to replace tired or injured team-mates.
   2. (card games) A group or pile of cards dealt out at the beginning of a patience or solitaire game to be used during play.
4. In exhibitions, a distinction indicating that the recipient will get a prize in the event of another person being disqualified.
5. (calico printing) A resist.
6. A preparation used on an object being electroplated to fix the limits of the deposit.

Synonyms

• (restraint of freedom in words or actions): self-restraint, reticence, taciturnity
• (sports: reserve player): substitute
• (military: reserve forces): Army Reserve, Territorial Army, TA, TAVR, territorials, terriers, reservists
• (tract of land for Aboriginal peoples): reservation, res, rez

Derived terms

• cognitive reserve
• cookie-jar reserve
• dividend equalisation reserve
• Federal Reserve
• fractional reserve banking
• functional reserve
• game reserve
• in reserve
• natural reserve
• nature reserve
• off reserve, off-reserve
• reserve bank
• reserve buoyancy
• reserve currency
• reserve grade
• reserve grader
• reserve price
• reserve team
• urban reserve
• wildlife reserve

Related terms

• reservist

Translations

the act of reserving or keeping back; reservation

Bulgarian: запася́ване n (zapasjávane), резерви́ране (bg) n (rezervírane) Estonian: varumine Finnish: varaus (fi) French: réservation (fr) German: Reservieren n, Bedenken (de) n, Vorbehalt (de) m Greek: επιφύλαξη (el) f (epifýlaxi) Japanese: 予約 (ja) (よやく, yoyaku) Korean: 예약(豫約) (ko) (yeyak), 비축(備蓄) (bichuk) Norwegian: Bokmål: bestilling c, reservering c, reservasjon m Polish: rezerwacja (pl) f (for later use), zastrzeżenie (pl) n (remark) Portuguese: reserva (pt) f Russian: запаса́ние (ru) n (zapasánije), резерви́рование (ru) n (rezervírovanije) Swedish: reservation (sv) c

restraint of freedom in words or actions

Bulgarian: резерви́раност (bg) f (rezervíranost), премълча́ване n (premǎlčávane), сдържаност (bg) f (sdǎržanost) Finnish: varautuneisuus (fi) French: réserve (fr) f German: Reserviertheit f Japanese: 自制 (ja) (じせい, jisei), 控えめ (ひかえめ, hikaeme) Norwegian: Bokmål: reserverthet m, tilbakeholdenhet (no) m Polish: rezerwa (pl) f Russian: сде́ржанность (ru) f (sdéržannostʹ)

that which is reserved or kept back, as for future use

Arabic: اِحْتِيَاط m (iḥtiyāṭ) Belarusian: запа́с m (zapás), рэзе́рв m (rezjérv), рэзэ́рв m (rezérv), рэзэ́рва f (rezérva) Bulgarian: запа́с (bg) m (zapás), резе́рв m (rezérv) Chinese: Mandarin: 儲備 / 储备 (zh) (chǔbèi), 後備 / 后备 (zh) (hòubèi) Czech: rezerva f, zásoba (cs) f Danish: reserve Dutch: reserve (nl) m or f Finnish: varanto (fi), reservi (fi), varmuusvarasto (fi) French: réserves (fr) f pl Georgian: სადათარიგო (sadatarigo), სამარაგო (samarago), სარეზერვო (sarezervo), რეზერვის (rezervis), მარაგი (ka) (maragi), რეზერვი (rezervi) German: Reserve (de) f Hungarian: tartalék (hu) Japanese: 予備 (ja) (よび, yobi), 備蓄 (ja) (びちく, bichiku) Korean: 예비(豫備) (ko) (yebi), 비축(備蓄) (bichuk) Macedonian: резерва f (rezerva) Norwegian: Bokmål: reservasjon m, reserve (no) m Nynorsk: reserve m Polish: zapas (pl) m, zapasy (pl) m pl, rezerwa (pl) f Portuguese: reserva (pt) f Russian: запа́с (ru) m (zapás), резе́рв (ru) m (rezérv) Serbo-Croatian: Cyrillic: рѐзе̄рва f Roman: rèzērva (sh) f Slovak: rezerva f, zásoba f Slovene: rezerva f Spanish: reserva (es) f Swedish: reserver (sv) pl Tagalog: panimbos, pataan Ukrainian: запа́с m (zapás), резе́рв m (rezérv) Uyghur: زاپاس (zapas)

known unexploited natural resource

Belarusian: запа́сы m pl (zapásy) Bulgarian: запа́си (bg) m pl (zapási) Chinese: Mandarin: 保護區 / 保护区 (zh) (bǎohùqū) Finnish: varanto (fi) French: réserve (fr) f German: Schutzgebiet (de) n, Naturreservat n Norwegian: Bokmål: reserve (no) m Nynorsk: reserve m Polish: rezerwy f pl Portuguese: reserva (pt) f Russian: запа́сы (ru) m pl (zapásy) Swedish: tillgång (sv) Ukrainian: запа́си m pl (zapásy)

tract of land reserved, or set apart, for a particular purpose

Azerbaijani: qoruq (az) Bulgarian: please add this translation if you can Chinese: Mandarin: 保護區 / 保护区 (zh) (bǎohùqū) Finnish: -alue (fi) Japanese: 保護区 (ほごく, hogoku) Korean: 보호구(保護區) (bohogu) Maori: whenua tāpui, whenua rāhui, rāhui, wāhi poro(w)hita, āpure moana (marine), taiāpure (coastal area), poro(w)hita Norwegian: Bokmål: reservat (no) n Ottoman Turkish: قوری (korı, koru) Polish: rezerwat (pl) m (nature reserve), rezerwa (pl) f (other uses) Portuguese: reserva (pt) f Russian: запо́ведник (ru) m (zapóvednik), резерва́ция (ru) f (rezervácija) Swedish: reservat (sv) n Uzbek: qoʻriq (uz)

tract of land reserved for Aboriginal people

Belarusian: рэзерва́цыя f (rezjervácyja), рэзэрва́цыя f (rezervácyja) Bulgarian: резерва́т m (rezervát) Chinese: Mandarin: 保留地 (zh) (bǎoliúdì) Czech: rezervace (cs) f Finnish: reservaatti (fi) French: réserve (fr) f German: Reservat (de) n, Reservation (de) f Japanese: 保護区 (ほごく, hogoku), 居留地 (きょりゅ​うち, kyoryūchi) Korean: 보호구(保護區) (bohogu), 거류지(居留地) (georyuji) Polish: rezerwat (pl) m Portuguese: reserva (pt) f Russian: резерва́ция (ru) f (rezervácija) Slovak: rezervácia f Swedish: reservat (sv) n Ukrainian: резерва́ція f (rezervácija)

military: body of troops in the rear of an army

Belarusian: рэзе́рв m (rezjérv), рэзэ́рв m (rezérv), рэзэ́рва f (rezérva) Bulgarian: резе́рв m (rezérv), запа́с (bg) m (zapás) Chinese: Mandarin: 預備役 / 预备役 (zh) (yùbèiyì) Czech: rezerva f Dutch: reserve (nl) f Finnish: reservi (fi) French: réserve (fr) f German: Reserve (de) f Japanese: 予備兵力 (よびへいりょく, yobi heiryoku), 予備役 (ja) (よびえき, yobieki) Korean: 예비대(豫備隊) (ko) (yebidae), 예비역(豫備役) (ko) (yebiyeok) Latin: subsidiāriī m pl, vēlātī m pl Macedonian: резерва f (rezerva) Norwegian: Bokmål: reserve (no) m, reservetropp m Nynorsk: reserve m Polish: rezerwa (pl) f, odwód (pl) m Portuguese: reserva (pt) f Russian: запа́с (ru) m (zapás), резе́рв (ru) m (rezérv) Serbo-Croatian: Cyrillic: рѐзе̄рва f Roman: rèzērva (sh) f Slovak: rezerva f Slovene: rezerva f Swedish: reserv (sv) c Turkish: rezerv (tr) Ukrainian: резе́рв m (rezérv)

finance: funds kept on hand

Bulgarian: резе́рвен фонд m (rezérven fond) Finnish: varanto (fi), vararahasto German: Reserve (de) f Greek: αποθεματικό (el) n (apothematikó) Japanese: 準備金 (ja) (じゅんびきん, jyunbikin), 引当金 (ja) (ひきあてきん, hikiatekin) Malay: rezab, rizab Maori: pūtea penapena Norwegian: forråd (no) n, reservefond n Bokmål: reserve (no) m Nynorsk: reserve m Portuguese: reserva (pt) f Russian: резе́рвный фонд m (rezérvnyj fond)

sports: reserve player

Bulgarian: резе́рвен игра́ч m (rezérven igráč) Finnish: vaihtopelaaja French: remplaçant (fr) m Japanese: 控え (ja) (ひかえ, hikae), 補欠 (ja) (ほけつ, hoketsu) Norwegian: Bokmål: reserve (no) m, reservespiller m Nynorsk: reserve m Polish: rezerwowy (pl) m, rezerwowa f Portuguese: reserva (pt) m or f Russian: запасно́й игро́к m (zapasnój igrók), запасно́й (ru) m (zapasnój) Swedish: reserv (sv) c

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

Arabic: (please verify) حَجْز (ar) m (ḥajz) Chinese: Mandarin: (please verify) 儲備 / 储备 (zh) (chǔbèi) Dutch: (please verify) reserve (nl) f French: (please verify) réservation (fr) f Italian: (please verify) riserva (it) f Japanese: 保留地 (ほりゅうち, horyūchi), 予備地 (よびち, yobichi) Korean: (please verify) 예비(豫備) (ko) (yebi) Norwegian: Bokmål: (please verify) reservasjon m Serbo-Croatian: Cyrillic: (please verify) рѐзе̄рва f Roman: (please verify) rèzērva (sh) f Spanish: (please verify) reserva (es) f Swedish: (please verify) reserv (sv)

Verb

reserve (third-person singular simple present reserves, present participle reserving, simple past and past participle reserved)

1. (transitive) To keep back; to retain.

   Synonym: hold

   We reserve the right to make modifications.

   I will reserve judgment until I have actually read his book.

2. (transitive, ditransitive)
   1. To keep in store for future or special use.

      Synonyms: hold, save

      This cake is reserved for the guests! (transitive)

      Please reserve me a parking space if you can. (ditransitive)

      • c. 1703-1720, Jonathan Swift, A Letter to a Very Young Lady on Her Marriage

        Conceal your esteem and love in your own breast, and reserve your kind looks and language for private hours.

   2. To book in advance; to make a reservation for.

      Synonyms: sign up for, register for, schedule, enroll in, book

      I reserved a table for us at the best restaurant in town. (transitive)

      Thanks for reserving us a room! (ditransitive)

3. (transitive, obsolete) To make an exception of; to except.

Translations

to reserve — see hold

to keep back; to retain

Bulgarian: запазвам (bg) (zapazvam), резервирам (bg) (rezerviram) Chinese: Mandarin: 保留 (zh) (bǎoliú) Dutch: reserveren (nl), beschermen (nl) Esperanto: rezervi Finnish: varata (fi), pidättää (fi) German: vorbehalten (de) Japanese: (to keep back) 残す (ja) (のこす, nokosu), (to retain) 留保する (ja) (りゅうほする, ryūho suru) Maori: pupuri Norwegian: holde av, reservere, sette av Portuguese: reservar (pt) Russian: резерви́ровать (ru) impf (rezervírovatʹ), зарезерви́ровать (ru) pf (zarezervírovatʹ), оставля́ть за собо́й impf (ostavljátʹ za sobój) Spanish: reservar (es) Swedish: reservera (sv) Vietnamese: giữ lại (vi), bảo lưu (vi)

to keep in store for future or special use

Assamese: Central: সাঁচা (xãsa) Eastern: সঁচা (xõsa) Bulgarian: спестявам (bg) (spestjavam), съхранявам (bg) (sǎhranjavam) Danish: forbeholde (da), lægge til side Dutch: reserveren (nl), bewaren (nl) Esperanto: rezervi Finnish: varata (fi), varastoida (fi), säästää (fi), panna talteen German: vorbehalten (de), reservieren (de) Hungarian: foglal (hu), lefoglal (hu) Japanese: 蓄える (ja) (たくわえる, takuwaeru) Maori: haumi, tūrāhui Norwegian: forbeholde, legge til side Portuguese: reservar (pt) Russian: запаса́ть (ru) impf (zapasátʹ), запасти́ (ru) pf (zapastí), откла́дывать (ru) impf (otkládyvatʹ), отложи́ть (ru) pf (otložítʹ) Spanish: reservar (es) Swedish: reservera (sv), förbehålla (sv), lägga åt sidan Vietnamese: phòng bị (vi), để dành (vi)

to book in advance

Afrikaans: bespreek, bespreek Arabic: حَجَزَ (ar) (ḥajaza) Bulgarian: резервирам (bg) (rezerviram) Chinese: Mandarin: 預訂 / 预订 (zh) (yùdìng) Danish: bestille, reservere (da) Dutch: reserveren (nl) Esperanto: rezervi Finnish: varata (fi) French: réserver (fr) Georgian: please add this translation if you can German: reservieren (de), buchen (de), vormerken (de) Irish: cuir in áirithe Japanese: 予約する (ja) (よやくする, yoyaku suru) Korean: 예약(豫約)하다 (ko) (yeyakhada) Malay: tempah Maori: tāpui, whakakawhena Norwegian: bestille (no), reservere Polish: rezerwować (pl) impf, zarezerwować (pl) pf Portuguese: reservar (pt) Russian: резерви́ровать (ru) impf (rezervírovatʹ), зарезерви́ровать (ru) pf (zarezervírovatʹ), брони́ровать (ru) impf (bronírovatʹ), заброни́ровать (ru) pf (zabronírovatʹ), зака́зывать (ru) impf (zakázyvatʹ), заказа́ть (ru) pf (zakazátʹ) Spanish: reservar (es) Swedish: reservera (sv), beställa (sv) Turkish: please add this translation if you can Vietnamese: đặt trước

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

French: (please verify) réserver (fr) Italian: (please verify) riservare (it)

References

• reserve on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• “reserve”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.

Anagrams

• Reveres, reveres, reverse, severer, veerers

Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from Middle French reserve, from Old French reserver.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /rəˈzɛr.və/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: re‧ser‧ve
• Rhymes: -ɛrvə

Noun

reserve f (plural reserves, diminutive reservetje n)

1. reserve, emergency supply (that which is reserved, or kept back, as for future use)
2. military reserves
3. reservation, restraint
4. (law, Belgium) forced estate, legitime

   Synonym: voorbehouden deel

   Antonym: beschikbaar deel

5. (sports) alternate, substitute, reserve

Derived terms

• gasreserve
• kapitaalreserve
• oliereserve
• reserve-eenheid
• reserveband
• reservebank
• reservebatterij
• reservefiets
• reservekracht
• reserveleger
• reservemateriaal
• reserveofficier
• reserveonderdeel
• reservevoorraad
• reservewiel
• vetreserve
• voedselreserve

Related terms

• reserveren

Descendants

• Afrikaans: reserwe
• → Indonesian: reserve (“reserve”)
• >? Javanese: ꦱꦺꦉꦥ꧀ (sèrep, “spare”)
  • Caribbean Javanese: sèrep
  • → Indonesian: sèrêp (“spare”)

Anagrams

• serveer, servere, verrees

Indonesian

Etymology

From Dutch reserve, from Old French reserver.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [rəˈser.və]
• Hyphenation: rê‧sér‧vê

Noun

rêsérvê (plural reserve-reserve)

1. (colloquial) reserve

   Synonyms: cadangan, serap

2. (colloquial) requirement

   Synonym: syarat

Alternative forms

• rizab (Standard Malay)

Further reading

• “reserve” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Norwegian Bokmål

Norwegian Bokmål Wikipedia has an article on:

reserver

Wikipedia ^nb

Etymology

Via German Reserve from French réserve

Noun

reserve m (definite singular reserven, indefinite plural reserver, definite plural reservene)

1. a reserve

Derived terms

• reservedel

Related terms

• reservere

References

• “reserve” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
• “reserve” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

Via German Reserve from French réserve

Noun

reserve m (definite singular reserven, indefinite plural reservar, definite plural reservane)

1. a reserve

Derived terms

• reservedel

References

• “reserve” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Portuguese

Verb

reserve

1. inflection of reservar:
   1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
   2. third-person singular imperative

Spanish

Verb

reserve

1. inflection of reservar:
   1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
   2. third-person singular imperative