ruken

See also: rüken

Middle Dutch

Etymology

From Old Dutch *rūcan, from Proto-West Germanic *reukan, from Proto-Germanic *reukaną.

Verb

ruken

1. to smell, to perceive a smell
2. to smell, to emit a smell

Inflection

Conjugation of ruken (strong class 2)

infinitive	base form	ruken
	genitive	rukens
	dative	rukene
		indicative			subjunctive
		present	past		present	past
1st person singular		ruke	rôoc		ruke	rōke
2nd person singular		ruucs, rukes	rōocs, rōkes		ruucs, rukes	rōkes
3rd person singular		ruuct, ruket	rôoc		ruke	rōke
1st person plural		ruken	rōken		ruken	rōken
2nd person plural		ruuct, ruket	rōoct, rōket		ruuct, ruket	rōket
3rd person plural		ruken	rōken		ruken	rōken
		imperative
singular		ruuc, ruke
plural		ruuct, ruket
		present	past
participle		rukende	gerōken

Alternative forms

• rieken
• riken

Descendants

• Dutch: ruiken, rieken
  • Afrikaans: ruik
• Limburgish: ruke

Further reading

• “ruken (II)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929), “ruken”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN