runger

Old French

Alternative forms

• rungier, rongier

Etymology

Latin rūmigāre.

Verb

runger

1. to gnaw (to chew)

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. In the present tense an extra supporting e is needed in the first-person singular indicative and throughout the singular subjunctive, and the third-person singular subjunctive ending -t is lost. In addition, g becomes j before an a or an o to keep the /dʒ/ sound intact. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation of runger (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)

		simple			compound
infinitive		runger			avoir rungé
gerund		en runjant			gerund of avoir + past participle
present participle		runjant
past participle		rungé
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	il	nos	vos	il
simple tenses	present	runge	runges	runge	runjons	rungez	rungent
	imperfect	runjoie, rungeie, runjoe, rungeve	runjoies, rungeies, runjoes, rungeves	runjoit, rungeit, runjot, rungeve	rungiiens, rungiens	rungiiez, rungiez	runjoient, rungeient, runjoent, rungevent
	preterite	runjai	runjas	runja	runjames	runjastes	rungerent
	future	rungerai	rungeras	rungera	rungerons	rungeroiz, rungereiz, rungerez	rungeront
	conditional	rungeroie, rungereie	rungeroies, rungereies	rungeroit, rungereit	rungeriiens, rungeriens	rungeriiez, rungeriez	rungeroient, rungereient
compound tenses	present perfect	present tense of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect tense of avoir + past participle
	past anterior	preterite tense of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future tense of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional tense of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que jo	que tu	qu’il	que nos	que vos	qu’il
simple tenses	present	runge	runges	runge	runjons	rungez	rungent
	imperfect	runjasse	runjasses	runjast	rungissons, rungissiens	rungissoiz, rungissez, rungissiez	runjassent
compound tenses	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nos	vos	–
		—	runge	—	runjons	rungez	—

Descendants

• Middle French: ronger, rungier, ringer
  • French: ronger
• Norman: runger