scarifier

English

Etymology

From scarify +‎ -er.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈskæɹɪfaɪə(ɹ)/, /ˈskɑːɹɪfaɪə(ɹ)/

Noun

scarifier (plural scarifiers)

2. One who scarifies.
4. The instrument used for scarifying (as for example during plastering).
6. An implement for working and loosening the soil; often, one with teeth or shanks that does not bring up a fresh surface.

   Near-synonyms: cultivator, scuffler, grubber, horse hoe (not always precisely differentiated; dialectal usage has varied)

   • 1829, Robert Southey, “(please specify the page)”, in Sir Thomas More: or, Colloquies on the Progress and Prospects of Society. […], volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: John Murray, […], →OCLC:

     You have your scarifiers to make the ground clean.

Related terms

• scarification

Translations

an agricultural implement for loosening soil

Finnish: juuriäes Maori: karawhaea

References

• “scarifier”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.

Anagrams

• sacrifier

French

Etymology

Inherited from Old French scarifier, from Late Latin scarificāre, from Latin scarifāre (“to scarify”), from Ancient Greek σκαριφᾶσθαι (skariphâsthai, “to scratch an outline”), from σκάριφος (skáriphos, “writing, drawing, sketching”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ska.ʁi.fje/

• Audio (France (Lyon)):

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• Audio (France (Somain)):

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Verb

scarifier

1. (transitive) to scarify
   • 1857, Gustave Flaubert, Madame Bovary […] ‎, Paris: Michel Lévy Frères:

     La mère de Charles venait les voir de temps à autre; mais, au bout de quelques jours, la bru semblait l'aiguiser à son fil; et alors, comme deux couteaux, elles étaient à le scarifier par leurs réflexions et leurs observations.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Conjugation

Conjugation of scarifier (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	scarifier
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	scarifiant /ska.ʁi.fjɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		scarifié /ska.ʁi.fje/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	scarifie /ska.ʁi.fi/	scarifies /ska.ʁi.fi/	scarifie /ska.ʁi.fi/	scarifions /ska.ʁi.fjɔ̃/	scarifiez /ska.ʁi.fje/	scarifient /ska.ʁi.fi/
	imperfect	scarifiais /ska.ʁi.fjɛ/	scarifiais /ska.ʁi.fjɛ/	scarifiait /ska.ʁi.fjɛ/	scarifiions /ska.ʁi.fi.jɔ̃/	scarifiiez /ska.ʁi.fi.je/	scarifiaient /ska.ʁi.fjɛ/
	past historic2	scarifiai /ska.ʁi.fje/	scarifias /ska.ʁi.fja/	scarifia /ska.ʁi.fja/	scarifiâmes /ska.ʁi.fjam/	scarifiâtes /ska.ʁi.fjat/	scarifièrent /ska.ʁi.fjɛʁ/
	future	scarifierai /ska.ʁi.fi.ʁe/	scarifieras /ska.ʁi.fi.ʁa/	scarifiera /ska.ʁi.fi.ʁa/	scarifierons /ska.ʁi.fi.ʁɔ̃/	scarifierez /ska.ʁi.fi.ʁe/	scarifieront /ska.ʁi.fi.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	scarifierais /ska.ʁi.fi.ʁɛ/	scarifierais /ska.ʁi.fi.ʁɛ/	scarifierait /ska.ʁi.fi.ʁɛ/	scarifierions /ska.ʁi.fi.ʁjɔ̃/	scarifieriez /ska.ʁi.fi.ʁje/	scarifieraient /ska.ʁi.fi.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	scarifie /ska.ʁi.fi/	scarifies /ska.ʁi.fi/	scarifie /ska.ʁi.fi/	scarifiions /ska.ʁi.fi.jɔ̃/	scarifiiez /ska.ʁi.fi.je/	scarifient /ska.ʁi.fi/
	imperfect2	scarifiasse /ska.ʁi.fjas/	scarifiasses /ska.ʁi.fjas/	scarifiât /ska.ʁi.fja/	scarifiassions /ska.ʁi.fja.sjɔ̃/	scarifiassiez /ska.ʁi.fja.sje/	scarifiassent /ska.ʁi.fjas/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	scarifie /ska.ʁi.fi/	—	scarifions /ska.ʁi.fjɔ̃/	scarifiez /ska.ʁi.fje/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Further reading

• “scarifier”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Anagrams

• sacrifier