siur

See also: siúr

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *swesūr, from Proto-Indo-European *swésōr.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsʲi.uɾ/
  • (Blasse) [ˈsʲi.uɾ]
  • (Griffith) [ˈsʲi.øɾ]

Noun

siur f (genitive sethar, nominative plural sethir)

1. sister
2. kinswoman, female relation

Declension

Feminine r-stem

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	siur	siairL, sieirL	sethir
vocative	siur	siairL, sieirL	sethraH
accusative	siairN, sieirN	siairL, sieirL	sethraH
genitive	sethar	setharL	setharN
dative	siairL, sieirL	sethraib	sethraib

Initial mutations of a following adjective:

• ^H = triggers aspiration
• ^L = triggers lenition
• ^N = triggers nasalization

Derived terms

• sinserṡiur

Descendants

• Irish: siúr
• Manx: shuyr
• Scottish Gaelic: piuthar (back-formed from lenited form fiur, phiur)
• ⇒ Middle Irish: derbṡiur
  • Irish: deirfiúr

Mutation

Mutation of siur

radical	lenition	nasalization
siur	phiur, fiur	siur

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Note: Old Irish s, when from Proto-Celtic *sɸ- and *sw-, was lenited as /f/ (spelled ⟨ph⟩ or ⟨f⟩), rather than the usual /h/ (spelled ⟨ṡ⟩).

References

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “siur”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language